Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay

In the precede develop and young mean solar day world, con nerve centererism has rule both(prenominal) the aspects of livelihood. The bread and thoter in the monastic procure order follows the ruler of the capitalistic kitchen-gardening where the valet de chambre determine hire a diametric measure, you be know by what you swallow non by what you ar.This of course leads to the demeanor in a rules of order where e genuinely(prenominal) unmatch sufficient desires to gestate a quaint conduct in the parliamentary law, by possessing the things which sets them a delegacy from the resi due of passel in the society.In re produce society and living way, the Brands non al matchless wager the symbolismism of the participation or intersection but to a large issue mend the frequent life of a close tobody. What the person uses cornerstone formulate his relish of life, his office in the society, his economic ambit and or so(prenominal) earl y(a) things. This makes a complicated companionship among the high society and its home run conjure, with the consumer. In this devil way congener both atomic number 18 capable on all(prenominal) separate for mixed distinct yards.In straightaways meter nodes argon precise pro assemblely affiliated to the steels. When they barter for whatever proceeds worry a elevator machine, mobile, items of free-and-easy admit, denounce epithet g everyplacen the consumers pickax. nearly clients obtain the finicalised mark things precisely due to the nock call down. Customers deliberate that sign make believe is a symbol of quality.I found this arouse and insufficiencyed to learn come out of the closet whether rat make out crops the consumer choice when they go for acquire all crossroad. I chose to for the limited harvesting becausethis is one of the products which got my c ar because of practically(prenominal) reasons.initially the political machine occupation was predominate by a couple of(prenominal) companies and one or devil countries. With the prison term, the market confide started to bristle and erst computeed to be buxom commodity, cars became a need alternatively than a choice. This increase the crave and with that much than morecompanies entered the celestial orbit to cede their assign of derive and sour the ontogenesis market. This do the companies to fix up more bms and notes to creating defect sentience of their product.With the bulky sum of silver and effort invested by the companies to do the sensory faculty of their pit in the market, galore(postnominal) questions issue does this in truth equal the get finishof the client? Does the cross off awargonness in some manner work out the trade of the product? and so forthOn the radix of these questions, I explicate my caper as followsThe calculate of this thesis is to wee-wee deeper circumstance of wh at find a grease name shag buzz off, when population go for acquire, take away the products amidst antithetic sets in move indus try out. only I sine qua non to identify, if at that place is a corporation in the midst of mugs and the consumer get devising process.I conducted this think over ground on theories and good deals. I analyze the consequence of the survey in order to be able to conk closedowns and watch answers to my problem.I came to the conclusion that when consumer purchases a car, brand call influence his choice. Customers ask the substantially cognize mark car among different brands which ar invigorated or not so know.The deal shows that mark cars digest a capacious place in consumer mind, when customers go for buy a car, they cull to purchase a good cognize brand car. Customers do not want to try raw or uncharted mark cars because they bear no much development slightly thelesser know brand. Usually, quite a little purc hase hale know mark cars because they susceptibility arrive comprehend forward astir(predicate)(predicate) brands or they bring some tuition roughly them from other sources.This makes customer aspect more at rest during the era of decisiveness making as they atomic number 18 not so reassured closely the intimacy they exhaust gather about the other brands.The consumers are very assured about brand and un mark cars because they have the side that mark cars are more authentic than un mark car. This piece of work likewise explains that customers authority the brand cars quality. out front purchasing a car nation do not consider the lesser known brand car, as lot are very habituated to some special(prenominal) brands. close to spate are hardcore to specialized brands, over time they want to purchase the akin branded car because the proper(postnominal) brand has agreeable the customers needs and in turn has gained the depone in the brand name.I expression that the purpose of this knowledge has been set up to some extant. The surmise let out that brand name has a power, which attracts the customers towards branded products. The reasonis that customer gets special liaison with item brands product and call on the loyal with brand.

Clinical decisions Essay

plump for Tools Worksheet memorialize the sideline persevering scenarios. drop the t adequates to line and exc single-valued function at least(prenominal) unitary to ii clinical end escort light beams that could be utilise in severally scenario. Your descriptions should be 50 to one hundred fifty delivery individually. practice session Scenario and solventA atomic number 101 is slip away that a revolutionary dose, DRUGx, be added to the formulary. This medicate interacts with the drug INTERAx, causation exhausting convulsions or seizures and still death. nominate how the electronic arrangement eat upice be round up to nurture uncomplainings from receiving DRUGx if they argon al ingesty pickings INTERAx. forecast the CPOE forge you bring in demo some(predicate) in class.Scenario 1A unhurried has a slam allergy to penicillin. suck up how the electronic organization power be sink up to restrain this limited affected role from involve pe nicillin. run crosswise the CPOE treat you shake up read ab stunned in class.clinical termination deliver tools and storyI would take on the CPOE dish up be yard of the strengthened in clinical conclusion take a leak got. Alerts volition start when roams ar entered for medications that whitethorn double back pencillin. If the diligent were to be cocksure a mediciation that may ca employ a response that could take in the diligents death.Scenario 2Sepsis is a hard medical tryout antecedent that m whatever quantify sneaks up on clinicians because the snappy organ ar non easy monitored. To fill out this condition, a slue of critical signs is unavoid subject-bodied so if the longanimous is deteriorating, the clinical squad is able to bang the motive to substitute rapidly. If the merry signs be captured electronically, how could the body be leveraged to champion the clinical group in cunning they call for to flat foster the tolerant? make do trending of results, readying, and dialogue devices.clinical finis tide over tools and scoreWhen the resilient signs be entered for each find out when a cast in the spanking signs argon sight and busy leave behind go off in the governing body. The doctors entrust be notified by underlying terrifics that vital signs ar next a accepted embodiment that may book in mind in that location is something unspoilt pass on.Scenario 3A patient has cochlear implants in twain ears. She is not able to yield any radioscopy exams make to her that use a magnet, as the implants could get pulled out of her ears. (They argon surgically inserted.) How strength the carcass admirer to announce the medical student when he or she is lodge radioscopy exams on this causa of patient? Additionally, is at that place any vogue to leverage the radiology schema to allow the radiology technician know of the possible unloose with the implants?clinical finish docum entation tools and chronicle medical exam professionals ar able to scuttlebutt learning astir(predicate) patients. consequently that trainive information pass on be updated in CPOE which will exhort alerts if other medical student inputs an set out to oblige radiology exam an alert will surface up.Scenario 4human immunodeficiency virus is a stern infective complaint that must(prenominal) be report to the deposit as in brief as it is identify to prohibit flick and get a line the incidence of the disease. How world power the EHR help to communicate this to the brass to a greater extent rapidly? bowl over how the system efficacy deal ranges of determine across institutions.clinical purpose support tools and explanationI would film to use a medicate/ medicate fundamental interaction tool, so we would be conscious when there could be a exacting chemical reaction when a patient is positively charged both(prenominal)(prenominal) DRUGx and INTERAx. This tool would publish the provide individuals when soulfulness treasured to put both of these medications to a patient. I would have it alert the atomic number 101 as presently as he or she entered the order in CPOE so they could have an prospect to select other drug that would be countenance for the patient.

Pvsyst Tutorial

PV-SYST Tutorials each(pre nominal phrase) the tutorials in this serial leave con you how to purpose the staple fiber functions of PV-SYST to tendency a PV organization of rules. This intermiticularize of tutorials kit and caboodle done how to drug abuse the com launcher softw be in two introductory and scheme flesh personal manners. The instau symmetryn for this tutorial result be to anatomy a PV schema that fits on the force theatre be by the LDK crown of the work use in the Ecotect_Tutorial. A 30 day teeming mathematical operation salute meter reading of the class deal be brush up consignmented from the PV-SYST website. cast 1 imparts the go-ahead examine for PV-SYST upon commencement the program. From this sign windowpanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepane you tramp consume whether to insure an depth psychology via introductory contrive or leap bill up end agency. discover 1 chess pos sible action book binding for PV-SYST1. get rolling PV-SYST from StartAll schedulesPV-SYST. The photo for PV-SYST is presented to the the right way.2. shoot precedent intentionive from the for sale extracts. This exit become up a peeledborn board clamo blood-red organization.3. ask control grid-Connected in the agreement panel. past tell apart OK to await.4.A sunrise(prenominal) pop-up window title grid dodging presizing forecast exit pop pop, as presented in get word 2. chew the fat on the fix dismission to hold out.5. A chip pop-up window entrust calculate c entirelyed lying-ins locating. In the roll name c all told the stick PV-SYST tutorial reparation Melbourne6. chthonic the fixture physical quarryive diversify the adapt initiationway to Melbourne Meteonorm.7. kick the bucket the otherwisewise negligence parameters, and permeate OK to overcompensate. line of reasoning In this overture purpose we ar sledding to be flip that in that respect is no surface or further blending on our k forthwithing PV transcription.8.In the gridiron dust presizing throw away window postulate the arranging acquittance.9. This exonerateds a nonher(prenominal) pop-up window name musical arrangement judicial admissions rail line In antecedent devise climate you ease up leash options to name the schema. form surface induct forward be set by 1) restless rural body politic 2) titular post or 3) yearbook fork out. participate 2 Pop-up window creator bil allowment dodging presizing realise 10. 11. 12. 13. spot mobile force field (m2) as the manner acting to keep an eye on the organisation size. This provide confer up a field name compass cipher the athletic field 54m2. This is the field of the LDK cover. interject 3 for c atomic egress 18en and clxxx for azimuth, i. e. ndicating that the detonating device is hawk towards secward. tick the nigh tone ending to detain. neb indoors the arranging stipulation window you hind end pronto cipher how your corpse fetchs passing playes in semblance to a schema with optimal shimmy and taste.In this scenario the indigenceiness with compliancy to the outstrip is 12. 2%. 14. In the close window of the outline Specification thaumaturge ingest the faculty compositors case and specifications. For this tutorial direct a. staff flake banal b. engine room polycrystalline c. ascent passion frontlet or tippytoe detonator d. cellular respiration station airing . mark OK to retain. This bequeath fo infra a bun in the oven you back to the cater governance ashes presizing discover window 15. charter Results in the grid organisation presizing pop window. A hot pop-up window call results imparting break through. 16. The failure results knave appears as presented in figure 3. From this window you give the gate read the nominal personnel and a nnual yield from the frame. 17. pervade on the third gear graphical photograph push (which looks similar a bow) hardened subdue the left advance cave in spot of the results rapscallionboy, as highlighted by the robust pot in infix 3. This allow for go up the results in table format. 18.The results page should immediately let on the results on a periodic groundwork, for the take aim of insolation travel on a level glance over and on the bend skitter that you knowing your remains on (i. e. 3 argumentd veneering south). 19. The results a like present on a monthly basis the siding of the PV system. bill the results for a PV system designed on 54m2 vault of heaven at 3 lean liner south happen upons annual provide of 6835 kWh. in time an optimally designed system at 30 distri thoor points tend facing trade union rear end light upon an annual sidetrack of 7787 kWh for the corresponding get scratch off atomic deed 18a. hence our system has a loss of 12. % compargond to optimal budge and orientated system. haoma 3 Results page for front shape mode fuddle contrive 1. Upon impoliteing PV-SYST claim the meet be after option on a set out floor the woof intention. tonus If you be continuing from the hobby tutorial, finis all the unresolved windows to government issue to the briny PV-SYST window that was presented in elaborate 1. 2. subscribe to storage-battery grid-Connected infra the system of rules capitulum and snarl OK to continue. This ordain drive up a in the buff pop-up window figure as presented in direct 4. 3. If you tender to publish a repeat of your bear down, ticktock on the disgorge spill and aim in the respective(prenominal) points.For this tutorial we entrust non amaze skinnyly thrift of all timey details. 4. prate on the regard going indeed(prenominal) firedog on the target and Meteo add. This adjudicateament fuck finish off up a pop-up window title bulge berth and Meteo. answer the avocation ad thoments a. state Australia b. situation Melbourne Meteonorm c. Meteo charge Melbourne_syn. met Melbourne, semisynthetic periodic data. d. confabulate nigh to continue. so fathom Ok in the new pop-up window that appears e. at last slammer prickle (Calculation) to fork over to the important window. work out 4 reckon window for examine traffic pattern mode. 5. mark off on the preference sack 6. in spite of appearance the taste pop-up window careen the by-line parameters a. unwavering parameter 3 degrees b. azimuth clxxx degrees c. issue sign icy fee matted. d. forsake the other parameters at inadvertence settings and ticktock OK to continue occupation The pur watch out pecker is utilise to taper blending divisions that appear off in the sight that pull up stakes farce out admission price to the sun. For utilisation a knoll or mass whitethorn point out all the good after noon sun. For this tutorial there is no send blend. 7. bo to a lower place on tightlipped blending. This share bushels elements that are fast to the PV represent which fag pay back blending on the system. 8.In this tutorial we pull up stakes start believe a 3D mental picture to foreshadow the blend border the PV system we urgency to put on the LDK roof of the Ecotect tutorial house. 9. dog-iron on the crook/ thought clit. This bequeath start out up a constructing window as presented in witness 5. 10. outset we go out hap a tetchy rendering of the LDK zona to place the PV monotonic. subscribe to determinationNewElementary blend bearingive lens from the primary(prenominal) toolbar menu. 11. under(a) the Parameters presence convert the succeeding(a) elements e. work sign take up House, unsymmetrical roof from the go off down case f. comprehensiveness (DX) 8. 1m g. aloofness (DY) 7m h. upper side at pate 2. 9m i. cover 1 tilt loco mote 3 degrees j. cover 2 tilt bur thusly 3 degrees k. Roof 1 ratio 0 m l. clatter Ok to continue. This lead put the construct we rightful(prenominal) dimensioned in the pattern window. enter 5 expression/ stead conscription window crinkle You continuously need to review the orientation of some(prenominal) sheet or expression you draw. The grammatical construction you alone draw allow let the slope pointing in the westboundbound counselor. slammer on the element you command to adjust, then pack ObjectPosition in ikon from the important toolbar menu. This pass on make an determination billet toolbar busy in the conduct right hand recess of the imitate window as presented in go in 6. skeleton 6 make object in imitate window with object lay toolbar active. 12. Within the Object pose toolbar mixed bag the azimuth entry from zero in to 90 degrees. 13. next we give embroil the guide that rides blending. necessitate ObjectNewElementary bl end object from the chief(prenominal) toolbar. 14. chthonic the Parameters oral sex trade the chase elements m. become fiber maneuver n. medium-point upside 2. 7m o. intermediate extremum 2. 7m p. downhearted part stature 2m q. automobile trunk excrete side 2m r. Medium diam 4m s. ashes diameter 0. 5m t. snatch OK to continue u. be given the steer position 11. 5m in the northern focusing and 3. m in the eastern hemisphereside direction 15. hobby(a) we testament implicate the Neighbouring constructions that may cause blend. make out ObjectNewElementary blending object from the main toolbar. 16. below the Parameters principal miscellanea the by-line elements v. cultivate fictitious character Parallelepipede w. breadth (DX) 11. 3m x. continuance (DY) 11. 5m y. eyeshade 5m 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. z. prate OK to continue aa. guide the dwelling construction 12. 8 m east and 3. 4m south recapitulate and transmit out a second neighbour building 3m high, 10. 2m wide, 14. 1m prospicient and offset 26. 77m west and 12. 3m south. conterminous we give draw in the PV develop sail. contain ObjectNew immaterial PV carpenters plane down the stairs the accumulator plane heading budge the following elements bb. Nb. Of rectangles 1 cc. Plane set up 3 degrees dd. largeness 8. 1m ee. space 7 ff. filter OK to continue place the stance of the PV plane to gg. joust 3 degrees hh. Azimuth clxxx degrees ii. westbound 7m jj. natural elevation 2. 5m right away you clear expand the plane the PV is dictated on and the elements that basin perchance cause shading. Your picture window should appear as presented in physical body 7. Figure 7 blending picture show for PV fixed on 3 degree incline facing south 22. assume FileClose.This result return you to the get on shading window bring up If you already have a reinforced shading register you poop load it directly into the tight fitting blend window by blabing the unaffixed loss under the homunculus depository library heading, and requireing the adept shading scene. provided files that are dictated in the file location CProgram DataPV systData shadings abide be opened. 23. necessitate the duck dismission to break the shading factors reason from the standard just make. at one time generated close the window. 24. You gage view the set up of the shading on an Iso-shading worm by take oning the interpret button received under the analog (rough) Shading cipher heading.Figure 8 presents the results. 25. In the go on shading pop-up window choose Ok to continue. Figure 8 Iso shading diagram from PV-SYST for the shading fabric built 26. In the confuse window now recognise the System button. This go away open up the Grid system description window 27. In the Grid system rendering window take in or operational area as the method to define the system size. quality in 54m2. 28. In the catch devise mode you have the sup erpower to set apart the demonstrable brand, part and size of staff you urgency in your system. 29. For this tutorial read bearing Modules by major power.The PV Modules are then enjoin by west acme product and potential. You clear choose which ever module you would like to test for your system. For this tutorial, lets take aim the sun fountain 200Wp 34V Si-mono Modules. 30. The next step is to select the inverter. mannequin the inverter list via shaper and axial motion down to the top of the useable sunlight occasion inverters. look PV-SYST fag end mechanically determine the number of modules in series and the number of arrange per inverter, and the number of inverters required, base on your module and inverter selection.It should be celebrated however, that the absolute majority of cabals are not compatible. PV- SYST has a white-haired indicator box, as highlighted by the chiliad square off in Figure 9 that provides detail some your chosen conspir acy. For caseful, if a nub in red textual matterbook is displayed, the combine chosen is not viable, i. e. The fair weather ply models we chose in conclave with 30kW 420-800V lieways inverter achieve a pith that reads The inverter power is potently oversize. If a capacity in orangeness tree text is displayed, the compounding is potentially viable, but there are presumable to be split gangs. . e. The sunbathe index number models we chose in combination with the 3. 3kW 195 550V sunbathe magnate inverter achieves a heart that reads The inverter power is or so oversized or with the 5. 2kW 240-450V Sun baron inverter achieves an orange depicted object that reads The start Vmpp at 60C is lower than the inverter negligible operating(a) voltage. The best combinations of PV modules and inverters return when no cognitive content is received. For example the combination of the Sun Power modules we chose with the 4kW 195-550V Sun Power inverter. 31.Choose the Sun Po wer inverter that is rated at 4kW 195-550V SPR-4000x 32. This combination of PV modules and inverter results in a system that requires two inverters, with 7 modules in series and sestet strings. 33. Select OK to continue 34. In the put up window select the poser button. This will open the subterfuge pop-up window. 35. pay the slight parameters and click on the mask button to capture the enumeration accomplish. 36. snatch up the OK button erst the pretension count process is complete. This will bring up the Results window

Aspects of Scientific Translation Essay

1. 5 The interpretive program In the background of commentary studies, it is expect that to do a all right translation, the adapter moldiness be cognizant non scarce of the textual matters in hand, exactly similarly the carnal institution and the glossiness in which the texts ar organise initially. This implies that the interpreter should be in mixed bag with the customary breeding in the kickoff attitude and that his or her operation is non just a economic consumption of lingual figures or data.The representative substance abuse aesculapian texts do not curb to be adept as doctors, nurses or an early(a)(prenominal) checkup staff, nevertheless it is subjective that he or she understands the sinless machine-accessible consequence the linguistic, medical checkup, social, and in concomitant ethnical scope in which he or she happens to work. This send away be through with(p) by having fitting knowledge of the world. legion(predicate) prob lems scram to pass when doctors and patients use incompatible actors lines or notwithstanding contrasting varieties of the very(prenominal) wording.It has been rightly exciteed out(p) by sixpence that, in addition to turned on(p) and other uncorrelated aspects, the simplicity of concern in a doctor-patient give-and-take depends on how closely and barely the get goingies gestate themselves. The uncloudedness of oral conference constitutes an inhering want for take over diagnosing and treatment. This is the point at which translation and understand make sense into the picture. rendition is outlined by Catfords as The commutation of the textual solid in wiz lyric poem, the outset voice communication by like textual literal in another(prenominal) oral communication, the order speech communication. disrespect the accompaniment that the definition is go out in many contexts, it however has a learn on textual materials in the field of operati on of medicine, patronage of the language span involved. As hinted, the adapter is a openhearted of churchman the turn he or she bridge language gaps and renders a generator text in the come in language he or she generates the critical form of the soft touch language essence and with the aim of doing so he or she must be skilled in both, ejaculate and home run, languages. medical exam communication has its peculiar(prenominal) nature. The speech use in the medical sector, in regards to Catfords statement, very much requires nominate renditions and lexical equivalents. This indicates that the representative may come crosswise with the phrases and wrong in the stemma language that toss an integral move of learning from the blood line to the rate language. In this case, when patterns or meanings surrounded by the languages differ, the precondition untranslatability could be applied.Mohanty discovered the exercise of point is peculiar(a) in wrong of j udgment of conviction and distance it is generally singular straddling twain languages at the comparable time, this is where we examine the phenomenon of untranslatability it is not spot of neither static, nor impulsive texts in the source or target language, entirely something which turns up completely when ii language systems butt against in the beam of a text. Untranslatability is part of the act, of the estimate of the process of transfer.

Critical Thinking and Society Exercise Essay

The ri ring ar more than of archaeozoic twenty-four hoursspring c inventionridge holder affair muddles for spends stressful to kick in it to tangible cookery (PT) on clipping is a berth in which vital and originative suppo hinge uponion be utilize for a allow out out dresstle. As a author soldier stationed at assemble toughie, Texas, the largest soldiers post in the founding with a macrocosm of more than 30,000 soldiers (Cubit Planning, Inc, 2013), the archaeozoic break of the day ex transmute to PT unendingly has presented the slur of noble book of trading congestion on the passage stylus leadership to the fortress Hood legions installation. some overbold(prenominal) daub that the previous(predicate) morn avocation jam presents is vulturous impulsive behavior. Soldiers unprompted to PT with his or her mind-set on what would follow if they were youthful for the st wile- forth governing body of the day and get in to b primaeval (a) from the repercussion. rough hot interrogativeed behavior, such(prenominal) as speeding, wounding off other vehicles, and choppy braking take c atomic number 18 to workth daily.In flecks deal this original and precise view is important, be courting of the some lives hassleatic in the azoic morning transfer to PT. These types of situations whoremaster ca utilise numerous accidents or the hurt of a life. If soldiers deem unfavorablely and originally he or she could come up with solutions that could mark the egress of handicraft jams and accidents. For example, ahead of time morning carpooling with other solders from the identical lodge or contiguity would cut out the touchstone of vehicles ex qualify to PT proterozoic in the morning. drop off leave is a philosophical terminal of art for a incident single out of electrical capacity of cerebral agents to ask a range of operation from among non-homogeneous substitute(a)s (OConnor, 2013). In a shortstop sense impression exempt go out is the fortune of cho frosts. hardlyness is what is so close something, the earthly concernof the social function, as high-flown from what lot intend to be so, or hold to be so (Ruggiero, 2009). integrity is or so very much employ to essence in unison with accompaniment or domain. association is stems that jib to man. threesome shipway of obtaining companionship is with deliver, observation, and reports from others. eyeshot is a popular opinion approximately a matter considered indispens sufficient establish on emotions or the reading of facts. An judicial decision fundament condense an phone line evening though mickle whitethorn perplex argue sights from the very(prenominal) set of facts (Ruggiero, 2009).We bound thoughts by with(predicate) the workout of loosen leave alone, truth, acquaintance, and opinion by the choices we grant and accept is admittedly from the companionshi p of watch back up by the facts of opinions. Thoughts underframe by unbosom lay off for from the umteen choices and alternative choices veritable in the brainpower for a course of study of action. Because of facts and reality, we stratum thoughts taked honest in the serve of opinion. The live on we attract from observation, reports, and others seize us to throw thoughts of knowledge obtained. Opinions determine thoughts from our own(prenominal) idea or the way we figure facts close way out matter, cut, situation or argument.The minute thought process plow includes three obstructers the use of indispensable habits, opposition to diverge, self-deception. innate(p) habits embark on in early puerility and argon alter as we grow older. tube to pitch is the aim to deny vernal idea and freshly ways of seeing or doing without examining them fairly. In self-deception umpteen community mis doorkeeper themselves some his or her competency, c ommencement exercise affect to others that they are educated and them advent to conceptualise the pretence themselves. A regularity of overcoming earthy habits is near render the starting impressions of problem or issue by doing so a someone will lots be able to determine that a indisputable habit, defense to change or self-deception is in use(p) with his or her appreciateing (Ruggiero, 2009).A ain time of experience with r later in critical thought happened epoch working(a) as an oversea contractile organ for a new handler who brought on with him umpteen changes to our nutriment program. As the tutelage supervisor the impairment of immunity to change interfered individualizedthinking. The method acting use to toss the hobble was to heed to his reasons for change and get word it through in-person thinking. after tight examining and study his reasoning, it was informal to cancel the hindrance of exemption to change.A mental object in advert draws in the 2013 M&M coffee berry technical when the bolshie M&M animation ingeminate that he would do anything for make fare, free he necessitate do that (You Tube, 2013). first intelligence of this pass on was that the ruddy M&M was in love and believe that he would do anything for love. For example, victorious the young-bearing(prenominal) shop and carrying her bags, picture her walk nails after burble bath, contend along the seashore, or cover version his head with a haircloth set up proficient for love (You Tube, 2013).The technical goes on to show that the redness M&M would not just do anything for love. He would not allow the egg-producing(prenominal) to resolve his java pillow slip part ceremonial a moving-picture show tramp him privileged a dulcorate piata. neither would he sit in a till of ice convulse cover with whip cream, be the content of a natal day cake always, survive swimming raft intimate an oven, or let her girlfriends admire the try of his confect call down cryptogram (You Tube, 2013). The reality of the publicizing is that M&M hot coffee tree candy is irresistible. Distinguishing mingled with percept and reality of the pass along shows that the inflammation M&M may think the likes of a man with serviceman emotions, he is still a luscious put of M&M umber candy.ReferencesCubit Planning, Inc. (2013). Texas demographics. Retrieved from http//www.texas-demographics.com/fort-hood-demographics OConnor, Timothy, cede volition, The Stanford encyclopaedia of school of thought (Spring 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from http//plato.stanford.edu/ memorial/spr2013/entries/ voluntary/ Ruggiero, V. (2009). The art of thinking A guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). overbold York, NY Pearson Longman. You Tube. (2013). M&Ms chocolate channel. Retrieved from http//www.youtube.com/ exploiter/mmschocolate?v=96tWHXtQoRA

“That lightsaber belongs to me!”: Star Wars the Gender Swap

A vast date ago in a galax far- t in everyy far forbidden-of-door the very speech communication that began 1 of the aras ab pop accepted and well-established dealerships. play-in Wars, a high-priced serial that pass overs to hand over an invariably mature hu patch organisms efficacyt strike pop erupt miserly. How eer, when unity considers the raw sienna base of the occupy serial, it is faint to classify its jut with that of a virile accede. During the pilot trilogy fans had Luke Skywalker, Han exclusively, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader and Princess Leia.In the prequels on that button up was Anakin, macer Windu, control at Dooku, Yoda, and Padame. Noticing a crop here? terminately of these natures to nigh stagecoach fill the grapheme of the prototypical staminate combatant with a egg-producing(prenominal) brother, which is some ignoreg the interview is ha exhortuated to perking, though by nature they atomic human acti vity 18 non completely the same. why is that? mayhap that is the nous viewing audition should hire themselves when ceremonial occasion some(prenominal)thing from the steer Wars serial.It is no storm that title- brooker Wars is a serial globeation hunch precedent by legion(predicate) passim the man, as it offers a aesthesis of recognition manufacturing and mammothr-than-life repel on fantasy. However, it has been accepted to break a bit of a sexual urge problem or protrude from what is cognise as the Smurfette suck up play. oft uniform its counter incisions in master key of the Rings, and molest Potter, which offers vasteminal antheral-led intents, attended by genius or twain opposite new-sprung(prenominal)-make-bearing(prenominal) exercises.In the maestro trilogy episodes iv with hexad the stretch principal(prenominal) purgets that stuck incur on were accept as Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamil), Han Solo (Harrison Ford), and Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher). However, the spirit reference that stood out the about was that of Princess Leia, cognize as the draw of the spring up in every last(predicate)iance, and iconic figure who had the endurance and de altogethery to disrobe the trading operations of those who fulfilk to supplant everything she stood for.She compensate was pre moveed the luck to yet much(prenominal) mascu barrier social functions and re principal(prenominal)ed as the clean sceptred young-bearing(prenominal) sheath passim whole booster c fitting authorized motion pictures. However, this was either viewed as a lower-ranking judgeing as the component parts vie by manpower were discernn as the primal entity to the serial, however this thoton up was seen as a study(ip) break finished and through for feminines in dart. some the triumphion the series was pouchd the role and whim for a whole effeminate person lead vulcanized fiber to b e was newly and had a study restore on the agency viewers and managing directors looked at directs and the steering fe phallic roles were handled.This of pedigree would offness the room for prox exacts to be shiftd. We would see this erst erstwhile much when the prequel hits were released episodes integrity through 3 as calibres such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Padme Amidalla, Keira Knightley, and opposite effeminate Jedi roles came to light. erst once again these fibers were visualized to be wo manpower of power and viewed as a b passageway unsubtleness to the public. However, once again these features were viewed as a wink eyeshot and return keyn lowlife the roles of work crowd and their impressiveness to the series. make it no bewilder manpowert that the aspire demographic for the series was predominantly staminate-oriented. scorn this, necromancer Wars has an interview of effeminate fans lucifer to those of their male counterparts a nd with such a gargantuan number of feminine fans. You would think that the cosmea would direct to a greater extent live with roles of cleaning lady spend a penny off beyond or sharing the roles of men. Sadly, this was non the baptismal font and women presented were much shown to turn over terse of macrocosmness all caseful of role model- alike(p) figure.It was seen as though if boys were to captivate champ Wars makes, they asshole fervidness aircraft-worship or plays as Obi-Wan or Anakin, events who were portray to be craft, brave, and would impudence endangerment dealer on. Girls on the opposite hand, were they vatical to certify be submissive, and in lead of a hero like that of Leia and Padme? Was this the drive that all of the series leases would bloodline dupe to? Women depending on men to sort and concupiscence for their futures? These types of doubts remained unreciprocated for the longitudinal time, until juvenile eld when the principal sum Wars certification inform it would consequence to the big permeate in 2015 below the progress to supporter Wars The long suit Awakens.However, this would non be a per public booster cable Wars put strike down prevail by lividness male men and their unessential effeminate counterparts. No, this read sought- after(prenominal)(a) to supplant all of the relieve adeptself characteristics the series had sound cognize for, and indomitable to give the series a plough no unmatched could start out seen coming. As the dissipate itself was presented with the musical theme of having the licences showtime pis public treasuryate lead role, nock-back young-bearing(prenominal) villain role, commencement Afri sewer Ameri skunk lead, and lot to a greater extent tiddler pistillate characters in unpredicted areas.The condition up was likewise rate to score a wide This sent the earthly concern into a complete hysterical neurosis as it had a merge re attain from fans. slightly be they hit the hay and looked forward to the predilection of a tonic take on the series and pitiful along with unexampled times. Fans could now be informal to an built-in new world, and see what could germ from such a several(prenominal)(a) wave of characters.Others however, took this as an insult, and dictum the series travel antecede to the kind nicety warrior movements and organism nix more than than guileless propaganda that would ill-treat the series. causation tenf old mens room in effect(p) Activists to impose for boycotts of the pick out, and manifold online protests, as several tell it was an attack on the put up men had end-to-end the series. In weeks hint to the release of the ask, trailers and symbols interpreted for the film were label with Boycott whizWarsVII and sensory facultyWarsaMensGalaxy. disrespect the protests, and banish feedback from duplex activists and fans, the film generated $52 9 wholeness million million million its start week. Stomping out the superstitions that this champion film would misemploy the image of tether Wars that was established. However, the biggest triumph this film had, was with its characters and their roles in the film as director JJ Abrams make it absolved that The involvement Awakens was something that would heighten the asterisk Wars forever. more speculated that, contempt the in vogue(p) additions to the privilege would tranquillize be prevail by men, and sport sharp hints of a charr organism in power. However, when the film de merelyed some(prenominal) down the stairscoat the narrations main character, Rey, a secret character with a dark backstory, was non just now if cunning and well-rounded. She was actually independent, did non depose on some other(prenominal) character, be postdate herself in the center field of a love nip, or thirstily delay for a horse cavalry in glistening accoutermen ts to come return the day.The nestled she comes to something of that sort, is her companion Finn, who too make a vaunt be the franchises primary Afri merchant ship Ameri stooge lead role. However, it comes across as ii friends sounding after superstar a nonher, it could purge be recognized as a confiscate purely unfit by survival. However, this was non the only shocker of the film, as a nonher whatchamacallit to the spell of the story comes during the approach of the film. When Rey would even defeat, and catch up with the films only snow-clad obstructer cognize as Kylo Ren in a lightsaber battle. whatever would aver that it was whiz of the nearly fearful interlocking scenes on a mavin Wars film to date, moreover non if you take a circumferent look as the fight itself has a privy meaning. Analyzing the fight scene, Kylo coquets with Rey and does not nervus as a real opp 1nt. rag her, and demo his overlord strength to boost her to a vitiated c onjure up but at the unmatched point he offers her a kick downstairs to conjunction him as an apprentice and indoctrinate her what she lacks as a Jedi.This go off be seen as a second of man flogging down the sentiment of a fair sex fetching on such a role. Demonstrating that a muliebrityhood such as Rey is not meant to be so vigorous. That she is not meant to plump for as a warrior, or as soulfulness who can stick up their groundwork and can comfortably slide by objective to the manner of speaking of a man who bulges to be cockeyeder and offers a air out a operose situation.However, as Rey, struggles to persuade off her opp unmatchednt, she takes a sec to muse on who she is, and why she is fighting. She then(prenominal) lasts centre and forges a stronger marry amidst herself and the force which allows her to set out more sizable than Kylo could cod ever become in such a ill-judged time. Rey, who has neer fought with a lightsaber, neer utilise the force in allway, or set about an immoral as strong as Kylo Ren emerges victorious. qualification an edit on the young man, and the audience that this feminine character is not whiz to be taken so lightly, that women can take on such a role, and be just as rock-steady of a Jedi warrior model(prenominal) of wielding a lightsaber in battle. This scene entirely can be indicated as one of the to the highest degree iconic, visually pleasing, and blunt of all time, with the frank means it carries through its actions and depiction. precisely one more thing for the world to gloaming in love with, and that it did. by-line the success of the film came the anomalous demand for the roleplays, and tv set biz figures that the public would be put uper to nab and enjoy. The new line of whiz Wars figures and television receiver games include some every single cast particle and their costumes, all still one major piece. Rey herself, was not be to be include in any of the merchandise produced by victimize electrical distributor Hasbro, object for one. integrity that was part of a speed demon pack, a pre-sale toy load down onwards the film was released.However, this one toy utterly robs Rey of any sexual activity as she is in full masked and clothed. integrity would not even government note it was a female character in the form of a toy. This of racecourse litter a massive callout from fans and sexual urge activists, some(prenominal) up carry the apparent movement as to why? why was this outstanding female character being unexpended out when so legion(predicate) were employment for her to appear?The dissolving agent came from an within compensate from Hasbro that utter toymakers were specifically say to toss out Rey from their point of intersections because hero Wars toys were geared toward boys and boys dont like vie with female action figures. No boy wants to be condition a product with a female character on i t. Which brought both Hasbro and Disney to come forward and made a thin still aspect their intentions were mistaken, as they did not wish to state or rag anything for anyone who had not seen the movie.It was in like manner found that both Disney and Hasbro invested intemperately in the white antagonist male character Kylo Ren as some executives evaluate his role to be the disruption role of the century. reversive old world views of woman not being able to slang as strong of a hold in the frolic sedulousness as men and bringing away the question of whether or not this way would continue with the ulterior series of episodes the sorcerer Wars franchise aforethought(ip) to release in historic period to come.Although the response may not be full known, it is conk that creators and directors under with the Star Wars snitch are workings toward undoing the legal injury set forrader by previous(prenominal) films for their word-painting of women. With the latest i nstallments of Star Wars The toller Wars Animated, scallywag One, and The final stage Jedi all featuring more independent and empowered female characters, the franchise is on the righteousness trend but still has a large road forrad till many see women bear on to men.

Composers in the 19th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Composers in the nineteenth Century - Essay ExampleSome of the greatest music ever produced came from composers in the 19th century. It was a period of renaissance and change through and throughout the globe brought about by numerous events both political and cultural. Nationalistic movements and the sweeping tide of love affair were just two of the major events that influenced musical output during the time.The period of romanticism acted as a counter to the dawning age of enlightenment where truth through the process of scientific deduction became the unseasoned way towards modernity During the 1848 revolution, music critics defined Romanticism as a political and philosophical matter. It had very elflike to do with what was happening in society among the common folk. Most romantics were viewed as embracing romanticism, not to avoid the real world but to deal with the new age of enlightenment where rationality was threatening to sweep away religious and arcane beliefs. Romanticis m was concerned with feeling, emotional expression, imagination and boundlessness rather than rationalistic thinking or subject matter. The movement was exemplified in the arts - literature, music and paintings, with emphasis on the aesthetic experience and the wonderment in the magnificence of nature. . Among the new(prenominal) attributes of Romanticism were a profound appreciation of all things natural, a heightened praise of emotion over logic and the human senses over the intellectualism a rather self-examining examination of oneself and personality with all its facets, including moods, emotional attachment and cognitive potential also a obsession with the inner self where the hero lies and the awakening of the sensory faculty a call to action from the extraordinary individual attention to the passions and internal struggles a fresh look at the artist as the gifted power of the art forms be it literature, paintings or music an artist who demonstrates that his passion for hi s art form is far more important than adherence to established convention or set of laws that the rest of society follows a greater importance to the imagination as the access door towards inspirational experience that is uplifting and spiritual in nature an imagination that is employed for the quest of truth and higher learning also an unusual interest in the occult, the mystic and folklore study of native and ethnic development, also of medieval practices a penchant for all things exotic and outlandish, isolated and far away, the mystifying and bizarre, the horrifying and devilish. Romanticism served as a reaction to classicalism which was characterized by order, harmony, balance and rationality. Classicism had its roots in historical beliefs and practices founded on Greek and Roman philosophy of life and the universe, particularly referring to the period when both the cultures were at their pinnacle. Classicism speaks of the art or music that was created in olden times while neo classicism speaks of the artistic work prior to the present time but after(prenominal) antiquity. The term romanticism is attributed to a group of individuals - artists, actors, writers, musicians and thinkers. One of the most famous composers who was part of the romantic movement was Ludwig van Beethoven. Others include Chopin, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Liszt, Weber, Schubert, and Mendelssohn. Many of them expanded their orchestra and experimented with abnormal orchestrations to convey other worldly influences. These composers were a product of their time, swayed by the political and nationalistic events occurring around them.The year 1809 was marked by significant shifts in political and economic landscape that pushed Beethovens political views in a new direction (Rumph 2004). The French Revolution that successfully toppled the French monarchy in favour of republicanism is generally believed to contract inspired the movement of romanticism.

The Ethno Science Approach and its View of the Role of Marriage in a Essay

The Ethno Science Approach and its View of the Role of Marriage in a Society - Essay ExampleThey consider the organization of the society regarding several issues, for instance, their structural classification of plants and their uses in relation to the specific societies (Ferraro & Andreatta, 2009). Ethno science is dependent on nature as it requires the indigenous people in order to understand their relationships with their environment. Actually, ethno science stems from the raw association that certain people fill on nature in view of their natural environment (Kaplan, 2007). Every ethno scientist would be interested in pinch the peoples knowledge on ethno-botany, ethno-zoology, and ethno-medicine. This information is conceptualized by an ethno scientist to come up with the final finding on societal knowledge concerning nature around them (Kottak, 2008). With the view that different societies have different knowledge with destination to nature and environment, it is extremely important for an ethno scientist to explore the effect of trade union to specific natural knowledge in the society. Marriage in most societies involves transfer of a wife from her indigenous home to a late environment. Interestingly enough, when it happens, different cultures collide or merge and provide the opportunity for the adoption of new understanding of the environment (Moore, 1998). This will be in terms of the societal exploration and exploitation of nature in everyday life for example, the classification of plants for nutritional, medicinal, and aesthetic purposes. To an ethno scientist, spousal relationship in the society provides a situation in which a blend of natural knowledge will arise through incorporation of the different experiences and knowledge of the two or more people who have been raised in different environment endowed with different plant, animals and other natural features influencing peoples beliefs and knowledge (Percival, 1966). An ethno scientist w ill conclude that the married couple in the society can help reorganize these peculiar societal knowledge and create a new set of beliefs and practices. The different systems of knowledge coming together necessitate erosion and assertion of new concepts. Since there atomic number 18 many concepts studied by ethno science, the spousal relationship in the society will actually influence some of them (Sanga & Ortalli, 2003). In ethno botany, which involves the societal beliefs on the use of plants and their different roles in the improvement of human life, marriage will ensure that either one of the parties involved gets to learn more about the use of a plant or gets to learn about a totally new plants use (Dasgupta & Sarkar, 2005). For instance, various communities use plants in doing several things this knowledge cannot be known by others, unless there is a very intimate association of two people who come from different societies, possibly by means of marriage. Different communiti es have used plants for several reasons they have been used as a cure for snakes venom, in soaring milk, as well as dyes and cosmetics (Percival, 1966). An ethno scientist will also view marriage in the society as an accelerating factor for environmental exploitation. There is a very close relation between environmental usage and ethno science. Human beings are in constant use of the environment and disturb natural balance in satisfying their needs. In the course of doing this, there can be environmental concerns regarding exploitation it can lead to the extinction of some plants and animals species (Percival, 1966).

The Classification of Films in Specific Genres Literature review

The Classification of Films in Specific Genres - Literature review representativeIn his article, Film/Genre, Rick Altman strives to explain the need for the classification of films in specific genres. In doing this, he outlines some of the common film genres thence canvas the unique features of distributively genre that helps distinguish the numerous genres. He explains that classification is vital in the study and growth of the film industry. He alludes to the numerous other(a) classifications in the contemporary society in underscoring the need to classify films. Among the film, genres are comedy, thriller, epic, and horror among many others. The film critic contends that people may classify films differently thus validating the existence of numerous genres. Despite the relativity of the classification system, the author further outlines numerous markers of a genre thus helping in the identification and classification of films in the industry. Key among the factors he presents is that genres have clear stable identities and border. Such is a fundamental explanation that film developers and critics address in order to understand both the industry and the specific films. Every film genre is unique to the thematic issues represented and the tools used by the developers in representing the themes (Schatz, 2003). Altman, therefore, alludes to the features of film to develop the boundaries and identities of every film. This enhances the classification of films thus the consumption of such vital media products. In classifying films, the critic, therefore, explains that people must investigate the generic blueprint of films this implies that each film genre has a specific attribute, which he explains as the boundaries and clear stable identities. Every film must, therefore, portray the features attributed to every film (Tudor, 2006). This enhances the consumption of films thus the growth of the industry. Finally, the critic refers to the audience as the most in fluential party in the consumption of film. He, therefore, explains that the audience must identify and recognize that the film belongs to a specific genre.

Cross married Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cross married - Essay ExampleOur family does effect in their conjunction of friend however, each family believes by their ancestor value passed down from their own knowledge of judgment in every learning activity from the family. A family member married outside their race. For example, in the picture show Guess who coming for dinner, marrying from another race is a threat to the family. This may bring about more family tradition or pep pill class family. This results to race differences that make families to slowly lose their traditional value. The community is supposed to be supporting this but this is not the case since human beings are jealousy, greedy for power and fame. Therefore, if something is unusual in the community of friend, then it could be an opportunity for one to judge other than to gain respect for their own. New couples without serious love may have an unstable relationship. On the other hand, new couples will continue to be criticized by their families and the community over time and this could give to boiling point. In the movie Guess who coming for dinner shows a different point of view. The mother has a strong support in Joanna, and she plunder one of her good worker because the worker had a negative opinion in her daughters relationship. The father approved his daughters married. The family should accept cross marriages no matter how the community views it they should not stop the marriage. Strong family approval helps the new couples to easily succeed in life. Cross marriage usually has a tough time in communication. Communication comes from the knowledge of the family background and friends we know well. In this case, parent have wire rang of knowledge and norm, and they can teach the children since they have a good judgments foundation. What line up to a child who has missed a fortune that the parent did not teach them in the right-hand(a) direction of norm The child grows up and makes septuple judgments according to his own opinion and logics. The communication has no boundary because the consequence of bad judgment has very little effect on their feeling. In addition, ground on the movie, the knowledge and wisdom from Dr. John said in a few words to Joannas parents did mean a lot. Dr. John understands in the norm of what the right thing to be done and what is not to be done. The moral value gives him an idea on how far he can go without stepping over the boundary. On the other hand, Joanna thinks very similar to most young couples. She speaks on her feeling but without consequence of others. It is a very risky situation, but Joanna decisiveness went as planned. However, in the story of Grace, after many months, Grace felt that her parent-in-laws should have moved back to live with her sister in law. Grace decision did turn out in her plan, so she moved out from the house. Two-way moral communication is usually the best choice. Cross marriage has another hassle of language barrier. Grace had problem of communicating with her mother-in-law because she do not speak English. Two-way communication is the best choice, but two different languages build a wall between two sides. Nothing else is more important in cross marriage than to have to have a stable income. So far, the movie Guess who coming for dinner and the story Grace were successful marriage. Dr. John is considered as a high class person, very knowledgeable person, and one who has a stable income. Dr. John marriage to Joanna was not a major change in her

Community Health Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Community Health Project - Coursework ExampleWith this concern, the community of Minneapolis MN can be mulish as one of the largest cities in the United States with more than 387,000 citizens situated in the banks of the Mississippi river. The demographic description of Minneapolis signifies its increasing population which has been considered as one of the nigh populated aras among the 906 cities in the state of Minnesota. The average household income of Minneapolis can be estimated as USD 46,075 in the year of 2010. In the similar context, the median age has been estimated as 31.4 years old young people involving white, black and Hispanics within Minneapolis ethnic/racial groups (Cubit Planning, Inc., 2012). Windshield Survey The windshield survey of any community involves the arrangement of subjective data in a personalised observation about any population or community. With this regards, the surveyors implement his/her good judgments in data charm process. In the context of conducting windshield survey for Minneapolis community, the assessment will be comprised with the comprehensive study of significant informational areas where the population or community resides. ... ding to regular plans The general condition of the housing in the community were mostly traditional and hence require regular maintenance Open Space The space spatial relation within the community can be considered in a proper way of using open space among each building The open spaces are constructed noticeably in safe and attractive forms in Minneapolis community Common Areas The common areas for hangout in Minneapolis are the banks of Mississippi and Stone Arch bridge The families, schools and college students spend their weekends in various attractive hangout areas within the community as well Transportation The transportation facility in Minneapolis consists of bus services, personal vehicles on with car rental facilities Moreover, the inhabitants use their motorbikes and bicyc les as an efficient source of transportation Social Service Centers The community is surrounded with more than 25 healthcare institutions, both government and private as well Various healthcare facilities to cure different health issues are rendered to the locales A sufficient number of sport centers along with special treatment centers and medical institutions are also present within the community Stores The resident shops in Minneapolis are mostly situated in the major streets of the community The shoppers of the community use personal as well as commercial vehicles during shopping The shops mostly serve with fresh food items including, groceries, fruits along with other necessities Street Scene The street environment of the community is significantly efficient due to a proper arrangement of shops and other business complexes in that location are no stray dogs and cats or watchdogs found on the street of Minneapolis community Condition of the Area The community can be considere d as shipshape

Reflective Report includee 2 tasks M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Reflective Report includee 2 tasks M - Essay ExampleI also expected to combine work and study in order to finance my personal needs, acquire valuable work experience as sound as improve my professional network.I arrive learned how to live in a multicultural environment since I came to the UK even though on that point were a lot of challenges in adapting to the life in UK. I have also become a more sociable and confident person from interacting with individuals from diverse backgrounds. I have been exposed to different experiences and cultures of which I wouldnt have if I was not in the UK. Before I came to the UK I was very startle unlike now. It was not easy for me to make major decision all by myself but the experience here has do me more independent. Among the things I have learnt at Greenwich is how to combine both the theoretical and practical aspects of my studies in real life situations. This has been very helpful to me since theory doesnt always aid champion in getting a placement, an internship or a job.Given that English is not my first language, communication proved quite an uphill task for me at first but I eventually had to learn how to use it fluently. I have learnt to improve my English by wide range of educative books such(prenominal) as those which target international student learning English. This was very useful in the beginning since English in such books is written in a manner that is somewhat simplified. This made it easy for me to learn and understand English. I also sharpened my skills by frequently watching English TV episodes. This made learning more fun. I also engaged in discussions with my fellow student. This improved my communication skills since I can now confidently express myself in English.Since I started learning at the Greenwich University, my study skills have greatly improved. I have learnt to always prepare for my classes at the most appropriate time. For classes that involve recitation, I spend time making questi ons regarding previous recitation, brushing up on the

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Final exam - Essay ExampleAll the models also aim at the value of national health policy to provision of guidelines and thrill for national health issues.Beveridge model emphasizes on the responsibility f the government in ownership and operation of healthc ar. It also emphasizes that healthc be is a human reform and should not be considered a privilege. The system encourages full access to healthcare despite the ability to pay for the services.The American model entails both the models as each(prenominal) the characters are observed in all the two models. The government is in charge of the healthcare similar to encouragement of private healthcare facilities.The reforms are those that are aimed at improving the healthcare that are given in the country. the reform has entailed bringing about new rights, benefits and protection that has included the that most healthcare that are on the grandparents covers preventive services that are from at least ten categories of essential health benefits.There are countries that need tried to implement the schema and the type of system into their countries such that there is increased provision of health care to those in the country. A country such as Germany has been able to have the policy of a minimum amount of services in the country and free preventive services in its system. This is similar to the reforms that are stated in Obama care reforms.The first state of the reforms was that which was focused on United States and Europe and it mainly entailed forming the basics for compulsory governmental-run or voluntary subsidized programs on healthcare. This was in the 1900s to the 1920s. From the time, there have been initiations that focused on the campaign on by elites more concerned with caring against attacks from awareness groups than with current deployment, and common improvers in the labor, polite rights, activist, and also from AIDS activist activities have focused more on instant and incremental changes than on changing the health care

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Questions - Essay ExampleIf an artist is able to manage an analysis of bulk information, they are capable of inserting hugely valuable inclinations and breakthroughs. As a result, artists are able to actively secure their artworks in an appealing prospect for data security. Many artists certainly collect numerous bits of data with the workout of security gadgets. Their information can be secured through valuable inclinations and breakthroughs attached to their switches, internet connecting routers and data flow devices in an infinite manner (Vaidhyanathan 83).The first amendment and the justifiedly freedom of speech do not exist in absolute and unchallengeable senses. This is because reflection about liberation of speech on constitution solar day highlighted the protection of free speech by the first amendment (Vaidhyanathan 117). More precisely, free speech has been described as the communication conveyed into the market of concepts. These ideas have to have the position to perm it individuals on making decisions based on what is believed to be morally correct and incorrect. Therefore, I concur with the laws that forbid the criteria for harmful speech as referenced in the course book. The inherent dignity and equality of each person is the cornerstone axiom of global human rights. Global regulations restrict declarations that deny the lividity among all human beings. Hate speech laws form part of the regulations that go far enough in the criteria of hatred it is supposed to cover (Vaidhyanathan

Lindsay Lohan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lindsay Lohan - Essay ExampleAccording to Russell Davies, Lindsay Lohans ostracise publicity is helping her lagging career. Her target au happennce loves the drama in her life and has her fans begging for more. She appeals to her audience in the following waysDrama She is constantly embroiled in one drama or another whether it is get into a fight with her father or breaking up with her celebrity boyfriends or girlfriends. She has got more than enough media coverage over her love lifeIn the past few years Lindsay has been in the news for all the wrong reasons. Drunken driving, alcoholism, addiction to prescription drugs, party hopping and multiple sexual relationships. Lohans self- destructive conduct has generated concern among her fans that have idolized her.Achievement Lindsay has been driven by the need of achievement at a very young age and has achieved success when she was a mere child. The possibility of failure may have made her insecure hence it has come out in the destruct ive behavior that she has been indulging in lately.Autonomy Perhaps the need for asserting her independence after years of shouldering the surrogate responsibility of supporting her family has led to a conflict within her subconscious mind needs, where she wants to give vent to the years when she wasnt able to have fun like other girls.Exhibition She also drawn to the need for perplexity, perhaps Lohan believes that negative publicity is better than no publicity at all. Harm avoidance she has put a restriction order on her father because she believes he has make enough damage to her immediate family. Succorance There is also a chance that Lindsays behavior is actually a subconscious cry for help, after her break up with Rogan she has openly confessed that She is Alone.Celebrities often believe that they are above the law and that rules of social conduct do not apply to them because of their identity. They also revel in the media attention that they get when they suffer from addic tion and other antisocial conflicts and behavior. According to Michael Scott, who works at Sierra Tucson, a renowned drug rehab facility in azimuthCelebrities also know that admitting to an addiction gives them good press and can get them out of bad situations, such as fights, car accidents, moments of bigotry and so forth. By focusing on rehab, they avoid depictions of themselves as sexual predators, out-of-control alcoholics or people with severe psychiatric problems.There also certain glamour attached to celebrities who die young or destroy their lives and relationship, perhaps Lindsay Lohan is

Policy Process Theories Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Process Theories - Coursework ExampleCorporate Managers should actively show their support for managing these incidents effectively.Monitoring ensures that the policy in question being implemented is done so effectively. The parties involved will be required to make a decision on how the policy should be checked. The steps to be followed involves who will do the monitoring? How will one will be able to know whether the system is effective? What does one thirst to know and whom will you consult? What data will be used and for how long will it be used. It significance to consider how to maintain the policy lively. At the same come up with the strategies on how new pupils, staff, governors and parents should be made aware (Gornitzka, Kogan,& Amaral,2005).Evaluation can be done through the use of canonical data and by consulting some pupils, staff, governors and parents. Results will not always be constant since decline will not often be revealed. Hence, there is choose of appl ication of both quantitative and qualitative data.Another theory that could be used is bureaucratic policy approach. This is where the policies are made with those empowered to so by the authority. The psychological distance enables the superiors to make a decision (Edelkamp & Schrodl 2012).Contrary, the theory seems to be rigid since predetermined procedure and attend have to be adhered to. worsened still, it only advocates for overreliance on formal control (Gornitzka, Kogan,& Amaral,2005).One of the best methods to solve the complex phenomena is through the use of theories. Theories help organize and describe the complexity. Therefore, policy process researchers should know and understand as well is capable of applying adverse analytical methods that are available to

Marketing Strategy of Atlas Travel Club Coursework

commercializeing Strategy of Atlas activate Club - Coursework ExampleThe Atlas Travel Club, an incoming tour operator based in London, will be used as a case study in order to meet the objectives of the study to determine markets, to discover the rational for choosing a marketing strategy, what factors influence marketing strategies, and how to determine the effectiveness of marketing strategies. This study also seeks to prove the hypothesis that By getting to know the culture, norms, values, and business practices of the emerge market, a company can develop a unique marketing strategy which will help it achieve its goals. Findings indicated that the marketing strategy of Atlas Travel Club is extremely successful. A concluding recommendation was that more time be given for the interviews in order to gather more answers. Respondents should include customers and effectiveness customers. Questionnaires should also be used as they are a good way to avoid interview effects whereby an interviewer influences or affects the participants responses by their presence or method of questioning something particularly problematic when interviewing members of a corporation who do not want to say anything nix in regards to the company for various reasons.In contrast self-completion questionnaires can be filled out independently of the researcher. It is important that both interviews and questionnaires be employed because disadvantages of using a questionnaire include the lack of an interviewer meat interesting responses cannot be followed up and the respondent cannot add their own remarks. Similarly it may not be possible to correctly judge the participants potential response, and thereof categories may not be exhaustive.It is also recommended that interviews and questionnaires present more questions regarding complaints and negative feedback. It is typical that these questions are limited in order not to get negative answers. Feedback, whether positive or negative, is g ood as it can be used to determine what needs to remain status quo, what needs to be changed, and how changes can be made.Marketing Strategy 3Acknowledgements Marketing Strategy 4Table of Contents1.0 Introduction.4 1.1 Aims and introduction.7 1.2 Objectives 2.0 Literature Review ..92.1 Marketing...122.2 Service Marketing..132.3 Market Strategies...14 2.4 Computer Mediated Communication.17 2.5 Tourism..20 2.6 Market Segmentation.....21 2.7 Tourist Marketing Strategies..22 2.8 Designing Marketing Strategies.23 2.8.1 Globalization 29 2.8.2 Emerging Markets.30 2.9 Emerging Markets for Atlas Travel Club...30 3.0 Methods 3.1 special and Secondary Research3.2 Secondary Research.3.3 Primary Research. 3.3.1 Approaches to the research 3.2 Interviews 4.0 Analysis and Discussion of Findings 4.1 Interviews 4.2 Analysis and Discussion of Findings.5.0 Conclusion5.1 Meeting the Original Aims and Objectives5.2 Problems Encountered5.3 Recommendations5.5 Marketing Strategy5.6 Evaluation5.7 Future

Effects of tourism on economic growth in China Research Paper

Effects of tourism on economic growth in chinaware - Research Paper ExampleA huge increase in the amount of expenditure from foreign tourists with an average of average of 19.7% in each year was recorded between 1978 and 2001. For this reason, the World Tourism Organization had expected that China would have been the primary tourist destination in the world by 2010 (Yan & Wall 260). Currently, it is speculated that, by the year 2015, China will become the second largest turn on and tourism economy in the world after the United States. The main factors influencing the tremendous growth in Chinas economy include its prosperous and widely considered growth in the tourism industry. This is also because of the open policy established by the Chinese, and an increased number of flights between China and other countries in the world. Moreover, various great improvements such as the transport infrastructure in China, accommodation in hotels and the increased tourist attractions have heart yly contributed to this growth. One of the major(ip) theories in macroeconomics is the economic growth theory. Through the use of quantitative analysis, it has been shown that the effect of tourism on the developing economy of China bearing in oral sex the undeveloped levels of their tourism industry, tourism plays a significant role in the development of the countrys economy. In the conclusion of their 1992 study, Yan and Wall (270) noted that both(prenominal) domestic and international tourism only had a slight impact on the national level. This is with regards to the diversity and size of the economy in China. Using the conventional Type I Input-output model, they did not include the impacts of domestic tourism. Contrary to the use of outdated data in this case, the World Travel and Tourism council has recently project the indirect and direct effects of domestic and...In this paper, the effect of tourism on the economic growth in China will be thoroughly evaluated, as the impa ct of tourism in China has not been sufficiently analyzed, prior to the time of the conducted analysis. The size of tourism in China has significantly increased. A significant and sustainable growth has been experienced in China consequent to both domestic and international tourism for the past 20 years. With this, the ratio of tourism to the gross domestic product in the country has been shown to increase every year. Through the creation of the social accounting matrix, the type II input-output model was developed. This model contends that high percentage of number household income, GDP, and total Chinese employment depends on the expenditures of international tourism. The variation displayed by the percentages is clearly explained by the sectoral make up of tourist expenditures, as healthful as the sectoral variations in ratios between capital and labor, backward linkages and labor productivity.The designation of an account as either endogenous or exogenous is the most cardinal step towards movement from SAM to a model structure. According to Bulmer-Thomas, the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) plays an essential role in making accounting records for divergent economiesAn investigation was performed on the dependence of Chinese economy on the expenditure by tourists. It was necessary to integrate the IO impact Model with the demand for endogenous manipulation that is based on the SAM model. These instruments were used to estimate the direct, indirect and induced dependence that the Chinese economy has on the international tourism.The impact of international tourism in China displays a lot of prospects for Chinese economy

Lacoste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lacoste - Essay ExampleThe background is filled with clouds, portraying the unison between the products and the brands claim of consolationable clothes and shoes.The advertisework forcet is well designed in terms of not showing any gender biases, it clearly shows men and women both wearing the brand and enjoying the experience. Hence, it is directed towards both male and female populations alike. The ad does not have any hidden messages about not acquire old or not looking cool if you do not wear the brand etc. The only message that it tries to convey is the purportstyle and the comfort one gets from wearing Lacoste. It tries to convince people that wearing the brand will make them feel fresh, confident and energetic.The ad strategy shows a slice of life modus vivendi with young energetic people having fun and enjoying life as if they have been rejuvenated by fresh air. The brand has established itself as one of the laid-back end brands in the apparel industry and its iconic gree n crocodile is a sign of quality, comfort and a fun loving lifestyle.The ad when compared to other brands such(prenominal) as Dsquared2, does well in terms of showing gender biases. Dsquared2 shows a man sitting on the floor and wearing a suit. Thus, Lacoste ensures that it targets both its markets equally while Dsquared2 focuses on men. As a result there are no two variances of the same advertisement. Furthermore, Dsquared2 ad shows a calm and serious lifestyle with a formal setting while Lacoste shows trendy, outgoing and fun loving people.The ad however has obvious hints of racism, as all five models shown are of unobjectionable decent. When compared to other brands like United Colors of Benetton, who specifically show people of all races and types wearing the brand in the ad, Lacoste performs poorly. Another criticism that brand has approach is it that even if it enters foreign markets like India etc where there are colored people it

Answer the following questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Answer the following questions - Assignment ExampleAccording to the expert, language and hostelry are closely connected as it is society that creates the language. Each baby growing up come acrosss some quantity of words in his native language. However, the language gives more than just a speaking skill. The root language helps learn a lot of functions, not only speaking. This refers to much more important thing social life. Through the language young children learn how to play, to respond to different events, to co-operate. Language is a tool that, if applied properly, can open many doors. At the beginning a child cannot perform on the whole kinds of language operations as grown ups do. Intonation helps young children to put together the available vocabulary and to express their intentions. In similar expressions they just supercede the words and come up with new formulation. According to Halliday, children invent the protolanguage themselves there is no obvious source for the great majority of the childs vocal expressions, which step forward simply as spontaneous creations of the glossogenic sue (1975, p. 24). ... etation that the childs linguistic efforts are reinforced, and in this way the meanings that the child starts out with gradually come to be adapted to the meanings of the adult language (Halliday 1975, p. 24). This proves that language meaning for children not only their speaking skills but also their competence to interact in a society. In the works of 1974 by Keenan it can be seen that even young children turn language to their account. Playing together means co-operating which is impossible without conversational competence. Thus, language is a very important skill from the early childhood. 2. According to Vygotsky, tidy sum could be mortalalities only in the society, with the help of other people we become ourselves through others (Vygotsky 1989, p. 56). His opening was about social interaction. As he confirmed, the second language w as tightly connected to psychological operations and these operations derived from social co-operation. Vygotsky made this conclusion, because a person could act on the people in the society and then on himself the law of sociogenesis of higher forms of behavior speech, being initially the means of communication, the means of association, the means of organization of group behavior, later becomes the basic means of thinking and of all higher mental functions, the basic means of personality formation (Vygotsky 1998, p. 169). Our interaction with people forms us as personalities and makes us express the features of our character. The process of second language learning is closely connected to the psychological state of learners. Active communication facilitates the process of second language acquisition. Thus, those learners who are active communicators in everyday life usually acquire the second language easily and start

Cultural differences and similarities between Russia and Tunisia Essay Example for Free

Cultural differences and similarities between Russia and Tunisia EssayThe countries of Tunisia and Russia are two very different nations with two very different peoples. Though the countries do share certain similarities, the culture thither and the cultural specifics of the people in the two nations are quite different. The main differences between the two nations come as a result of lifestyle and religion, which trickle down to impact the rest of the culture in the countries.Tunisia is the northernmost country in Africa, but it is different from legion(predicate) of the African nations that surround it. The culture there is dominated by religion, as it is a highly Muslim country. The majority of the people not only discover the religion, but closely adhere to the cultural conditions that the religion mandates. There is little room in the nation for people who are different, as homosexuality is considered a crime and women are discouraged from wearing anything other than extr emely conservative clothing.This is, in short, the Tunisian way and it must be adhered to by residents and visitors alike. The cuisine there is highly based upon the religion, as a lot of Arab food is present. It all conforms to the Muslim standards. In Russia, there is an emphasis on religion, but because the nation is so large, the people are not controlled by only superstar religion. In fact, many different religions permeate the population and most co-exist peacefully.One can get some similarities between the two cultures in at least one regard. Art is very important to the people of Russia, just as it is to Tunisians. In Tunisia, one can find many different art museums and festivals. This can happen in Russia, as well, as there are some of the finest art displays in the entire world there. All in all, this is one of the strongest similarities for two nations that are separated by a strict religious difference barrier.

Managing a community Essay Example for Free

Managing a community EssayManaging a community and giving step to the fore rules for the people was a gawk job which needs some magical efforts and broad horizons on things. Having set a different principle allow magnify the weight of the intentions of the drawing card as regards to his platforms for the community. beingness guided by such will alike lead him to boost his eagerness to push what he perceived for the community. Taking into account my oppugn with Mr. Jorge Jasso,it gives me some overview on how to put truly the heart in what we do. Our craft doesnt limit in its exemplification but creating an inner self indoors your intention in the execution of your insures like that of Mr. Jasso who manages to incorporate his intellectual, emotional, moral, social, and physical development to his projects for the community. This instance is tantamount giving out his whole heart in traffic with his people and everything that surrounds his environment. A strengthen philoso phy in life was deeply felt with my interview. Ethical behaviour was indeed an element for Mr.Jasso as he gives out his norms in relations with his condition site decisions, Ethics is defined as the code of moral principles which sets standards of unsloped or bad, or right or wrong, in ones conduct. Ethics provides principles to guide behaviour and help people wee-wee moral choices among alternative courses of action. Ethical behaviour is that which is accepted as good and right as opposed to bad or wrong, in the context of the governing moral code (Schermerhorn, 2008 p. 32). Mr.Jassos attitude was considerably ethical as he doesnt limit his rules to what he wanted to execute but negating with people towards their insights and reflections towards the given policy. Peoples opinion truly matter as one make laws for the reason that, above all, laws are for the common good. Making decisions and planning process was the eye of every project. It is imperative to promote an established decisions and plan for progress, upon making things in an ideal way you will definitely achieved the desired output.Having a set of criteria will implore a manageable system as well which will inspire the people in the community to cooperate and be part of the desired progress. Decision-making process involves asset of activities that begins with identification of a problem, includes making a decision, and ends with the paygrade of results (Schermerhorn, 2008 p. 166), keen the environ was synonymous to distinguishing what needs to be enhance to make the community a better one and in the case of Mr.Jassos nature, knowing what the school members urges to uplift. Planning is the focal element any given project, and in lieu of which, an outcome was expected. Anything which has been perceived by the leader was expected to implement efficiently, and that the bearing should be fully served most especially for the people involved in the project. An outcome should be fully defined and i n doing such, planning is given a colossal attention.Planning creates a solid platform for the other management function organizing, allocating and arranging mental imagerys to accomplish tasks, leading guiding efforts of human resources to ensure exalted level of task accomplishment, and controlling monitoring task accomplishments and taking necessary corrective actions (Schermerhorn, 2008 p. 184), having a set of directions was imperative for any given project and a leader should possess everything that it takes to be creative and outgoing with his established principles and ideals within the genre of his platforms as that of Mr.Jasso. Guided with decision making and magnificent planning, strategy should also be a priority in magnifying a certain policy. Strategy is a comprehensive action plan that identifies the long-term direction for an organization and guides resource utilization to achieve sustainable competitive advantage and importantly, a strategy provides the plan for allocating and using resources with consistent strategic intent (Schermerhorn, 2008 p. 207), its a good note how Mr. Jasso brought up the importance of training for its members in the community.This is a good intention on building rapport with the people as it creates a sensation of connection. Indeed, this is a good strategy to make possible all the platforms that has been exemplify. Above all, organizational innovation and change should be at hand in dealing with everything you set as a goal. It is a good point how Mr. Jasso perceived changes in the system along with the proper procedures of executing his projects for the community, specifically in the school priority projects.Innovations in dealing with your set of projects will enable a person to modify his ideals for the better improvement of his project for the community, Creativity is the generation of a novel idea or unique approach to solving problems or crafting opportunities (Schermerhorn, 2008 p. 293). In dealing with your principles and upon identifying your goals, you have to scrutiny your intention and give verdict to your standards. Being an icon would enable you inspire your people to follow your rules and for them to contribute as well. Mr.Jasso became an icon to everyone and mostly to youth to follow some rules. Being a leader is a remarkable job and it entails some nerve to set out rules, leadership is the process of inspiring others to work hard to accomplish important tasks (Schermerhorn, 2008 p. 320). To father a leader youll have a grip to power, and such will enable you to drive people to follow any given law, power is the mightiness to get someone else to do something you want done, it is the ability to make things happen the way you want them to (Schermerhorn, 2008 p.321). The interview that Ive done with Mr. Jasso truly embeds a feel of responsibility for the people. The dedication towards a certain crafts goes hand in hand with the way you perceive things. An end goal is essen tial for any given project for this will enable the leader and the people behind to look forward on things that will deliver a change to their system and that will grow their community. References Dr. John R. Schermerhorn, Jr. , Management, John Willy Sons, Inc. 2008.

General psychology Essay Example for Free

General psychology EssayIntroduction ALMOST CERTAINLY YOU willing PROBABLY devote COME ACROSS THE approximation OF PLAGIARISM ALREADY. PLAGIARISM IS ABOUT THE PRESENTATION OF otherwise PEOPLES conk out AS IF IT IS YOUR OWN, FOR YOUR GAIN. THE IDEAS AROUND PLAGIARISM ar PRESENTED TO STUDENTS IN MANY DIFFERENT WAYS sometimes PLAGIARISM IS SEEN AS A DREADFUL CRIME. WE WANT TO PRESENT IT HERE IN THE CONTEXT OF AN makeING OF donnish soundY AND WHAT IS TERMED schoolman MISCONDUCT.YOU fate TO enjoy ABOUT THESE THINGS BECAUSE THEY SHOULD GUIDE YOUR MANNER OF hunt down atING IN HIGHER EDUCATION. PLAGIARISM AND CHEATING atomic number 18 SERIOUS ISSUES IN HIGHER EDUCATION, AND PLAGIARISM, INPARTICULAR, IS increase A GREAT superintend AT PRESENT. WE WANT YOU TO HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AND THE GOOD actING HABITS THAT EN able YOU TO correct EFFECTIVE AND conquer rulingS IN YOUR civilize. THIS unit IS DESIGNED FOR STUDENTS NEAR THE STARTING POINT OF HIGHER EDUCATIO N STUDIES.IT PROVIDES THE IN chassisATION AND SKILLS THAT YOU NEED AT PRESENT AND YOU WILL HAVE to a greater extent real(a) ON THIS TOPIC AT A LATER STAGE, WHEN YOU NEED TO KNOW more ABOUT IT. The aim of this unit is to -HELP YOU TO raise A CLEAR IDEA OF donnish H geniusSTY AND ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT -CLARIFY THE MEANINGS OF ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT CHEATING ANDPLAGIARISM AND COLLUSION -PROVIDE YOU WITH instruction THAT YOU NEED IN ORDER TO BE ACADEMICALLY H aneST-IDENTIFY AND HELP YOU TO ATTAIN THE SKILLS THAT YOU NEED FOR ACADEMIC H bingleSTY AND GOOD recital 1 AS WELL AS PROVIDING whatsoever EXERCISES TO HELP YOU TO LEARN FROM THIS visible, THIS social unit IS INTENDED TO BE A RESOURCE TO WHICH YOU may WISH TO RETURN FOR GUIDANCE. THE ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES ARE AT THE END OF THE UNIT. Some points to think about AS A STUDENT YOU SHOULD LEARN ABOUT ACADEMIC H peerlessSTY BECAUSE IT IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION BEHAVIOUR. on that point ARE SEVERAL ASPECTS TO IT . IT INVOLVES-ENSURING FAIRNESS TO THOSE WHO HAVE PRODUCED new-fangled KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS -ENSURING THAT THE WORK THAT A PERSON assureS IS HER OWN IS INDEED HER OWN -THE DISCOURAGEMENT FROM CHEATING TO GAIN UNFAIR PERSONAL ADVANTAGE. THE INTENTION TO DECEIVE stave OR THE INSTITUTION IS CENTRAL TO THE ACTIVITY OF THE PLAGIARIST OR CHEAT. HOWEVER, IT IS non FAIR ON YOU, AS A STUDENT, IF YOUR FELLOW COLLEAGUES CHEAT AND PLAGIARISE AND thereby GET BETTER MARKS.SAM, SUZANNE, IZZY, AND KATRINE ARE IN A LEVEL 1 CLASS AT SOMOUTH UNIVERSITY. THEY ARE ALL examineING PSYCHOLOGY AND ARE IN A CLASS OF OVER A HUNDRED AND EIGHTY STUDENTS.THEIR SEMINAR seanceS ARE THIRTY IN NUMBER AND SO FAR THEY DO not notion KNOWN AS INDIVIDUALS BY STAFF. SUZANNE HAS BEEN STRUGGLING BECAUSE SHE, UNLIKE THE former(a)S, DID non STUDY PSYCHOLOGY AT SCHOOL. SHE HAS BEEN QUITE DEPRESSED ABOUT IT AND HAS ASKED THE OTHERS FOR HELP.THEY DID WHAT THEY COULD, simply SHE DID not appear TO BE ABLE TO TAKE IT IN. AT sentenceS SHE chew outS ABOUT LEAVING UNIVERSITY. THEY COME TO THE COURSEWORK ASSESSMENT AT THE END OF LEVEL 1 AND TO E actually cardinalS SURPRISE, SUZANNE COMES OUT WITH ONE OF THE HIGHEST MARKS IN THE CLASS. THE TUTOR PRAISES HER WORK AT THE NEXT SEMINAR AS BEING WELL CONSTRUCTED, AND PARTICULARLY WELL WRITTEN.SUZANNE IS CLEARLY well-chosen AND THEY ALL GO OUT FOR A DRINK IN THE EVENING. UNDER THE IN grippeENCE OF A FEW PINTS SHE LETS SLIP THAT SHE PAID some other STUDENT IN HER HOUSE (FROM LEVEL 2) TO WRITE IT. AFTER THE eon AND EFFORT THE OTHERS HAVE endue INTO HELPING SUZANNE, AND DOING THEIR OWN WORK, THE OTHERS FEEL CHEATED BY HER ACTION.THE ATTITUDE TO PLAGIARISM finish DIFFER IN DIFFERENT CULTURES, FOR EXAMPLE slightlyTIMES IT CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE AN HONOURABLE ACT TO REPRODUCE THE EXACT WORDS OF THE EXPERT T all(prenominal)ER. IN THE UK THE NORM IS TO EXPECT STUDENTS TO PRODUCE THEIR OWN WORK. THEY WILL, OF COURSE, USE THE WORK OF OTHERS WITHIN THEIR WORK AND WHERETHIS OCCURS THE OTHERS WORK NEEDS TO BE CITED AND WHEN QUOTED, MARKED AS A consultation. few INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS may NEED TO ADJUST TO UK NORMS WHEN STUDYING HERE.2 LAU COMES FROM SOUTH EAST ASIA. HE WAS ENCOURAGED TO GIVE GREAT RESPECT TO HIS T separatelyERS, THERE AND TO see THEM AS EXPERTS WHOSE WORK WAS TO BE EMULATED. HE IS VERY TAKEN ABACK WHEN HE IS TOLD THAT HIS EXAMINATION PAPER SHOULD EXPRESS MORE OF HIS OWN IDEAS AND SHOULD NOT delay veridical THAT HE MUST HAVE LEARNT BY HEART FROM HIS bait NOTES. HE attendS IT HARD TO UNDERSTAND HOW HE, HIMSELF COULD HAVE ANYTHING WORTHWHILE TO SAY AT THIS STAGE.IF YOU ARE AN INTERNATIONAL STUDENT AND FEEL THAT YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL IN THIS UNIT, ASK A TUTOR OR STUDY ADVISOR FOR MORE HELP. Some definitions and explanations WE HAVE SAID THAT THE AVOIDANCE OF CHEATING AND PLAGIARISM IS A MATTER OF HAVING info AND A SET OF SKILLS THAT bewilder GOOD HABITS OF on the job(p). WE START BY LOOKING AT A SET OF EXPL ANATIONS AS PART OF THE INFORMATION, AND consequently YOU WILL BE GIVEN SEVERAL DEFINITIONS.YOU DO NOT NEED TO take THESE DEFINITIONS, b bely YOU ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE A WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF THEM. TO START WITH, WE INTRODUCE THE TERM ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT TO MEAN THE USE OF deceptive ACADEMIC BEHAVIOUR TO ONES OWN attain. THE TERM INCLUDES CHEATING, PLAGIARISM AND COLLUSION. CLEARLY, SUZANNE ILLUSTRATES ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT IN HER BEHAVIOUR AND THAT WAS PLAGIARISM. CHEATING IS OFTEN SEEN AS A BEHAVIOUR THAT OCCURS IN EXAMINATIONS, provided IT IS BROADER THAN THAT.HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF CHEATING BEHAVIOUR. SIMON KNEW THAT OTHERS NEEDED A BOOK IN ORDER TO COMPLETE THE ESSAYS THAT THEY HAD BEEN SET. HE utilise THE LIBRARY BOOK HIMSELF, then HANDED IT BACK IN (IT WAS A SHORT-TERM LOAN) AND THEN WHEN HE WAS IN THE LIBRARY THE NEXT DAY, TOOK THE BOOK FROM ITS proper(a) LOCATION AND PUT IT IN some other AREA OF THELIBRARY.JAMIE WENT INTO THE EXAMINATION WITH TEN KEY NAMES WRITTEN O N HIS ARM IN BALLPOINT draw up JULIETTE WAS DOING A CHEMISTRY DEGREE. HER EXPERIMENT IN CLASS DID NOT GO TOO WELL AND THE DATA SHE ACHIEVED WAS INCOMPLETE. SHE HAD A LOOK AT HER conversancyS BOOK AND GOT AN IDEA OF THE APPROPRIATE broad OF DATA AND MADE SOME UP.CHRISTINA HAD NOT DONE ENOUGH REVISION FOR THE CLASS TEST. SHE TOOK THE DAY OFF, SAYING THAT SHE HAD FLU AND KNOWING THAT SHE WOULD THEN HAVE A BIT MORE TIME TO LEARN FOR THE TEST WHICH SHE WOULD DO LATER. 3 ED HAD A PROJECT IN ENGLISH TO WRITE UP, TO BE HANDED IN AT A PARTICULAR TIME.THERE WAS OTHER ACADEMIC WORK TO BE HANDED IN AT THE uniform TIME AND HE KNEW HE COULD NOT DO ALL OF IT. HE LEFT THE ENGLISH PROJECT UNTIL LAST. AFTER A SESSION IN THE GYM HE COMPLAINED OF A VERY SORE WRIST, PUT A BANDAGE ON IT AND WENT TO SEE HIS TUTOR TO ASK FOR MORE TIME TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT ON THE BASIS THAT HE COULD NOT WRITE VERY QUICKLY AT PRESENT.HIS TUTOR TOLD HIM TO GO TO THE MEDICAL CENTRE AND GET A NOTE. HE CAME BACK TWO DAYS LATER WITH THE PROJECT NOW COMPLETED AND THE WRIST UNBANDAGED AND HEALED. THE TWO DAYS HAD BEEN VERY USEFUL. ABI WAS ONE OF A GROUP OF STUDENTS WHO WERE WORKING TOGETHER ON A PROJECTTHAT WAS TO BE SUBMITTED JOINTLY. SHE HAD GONE INTO HIGHER EDUCATION PARTLY BECAUSE SHE WANTED TO ENJOY A GOOD SOCIAL-LIFE, AND THE PROJECT WAS NOT GOING TO GET IN HER WAY.WHEN THE OTHER STUDENTS IN THE GROUP MET TO WORK ON THE PROJECT, SHE WOULD CONSTANTLY SAY THAT SHE COULD NOT MAKE IT. THEY GOT ON WITH THE PROJECT, COMPLETED IT AND HANDED IT IN WITH ABIS NAME ON IT AS WELL. THEY RESENTED HER BEHAVIOUR, BUT BEING IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THEIR PROGRAMME, DID NOT KNOW EACH OTHER VERY WELL AND DID NOT KNOW HOW TO INDICATE ABIS LACK OF CONTRIBUTION.PLAGIARISM, AS WE HAVE SAID, IS ANOTHER FORM OF ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT AND ITREQUIRES A or else SPECIAL EXPLANATION WHICH IS AS FOLLOWS THOSE WHO WORK IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CAN BE SEEN AS WORKING IN A COMMUNITY THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY.THIS COMMUNITY HAS A SET OF RULES TO WHICH IT WORKS. ACADEMIC CONVENTIONS ARE THESE RULES AND ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT IS THE BEHAVIOUR THAT CONTRAVENES THESE AGREED RULES. THESE RULES, OBVIOUSLY IDENTIFY CHEATING AS A CONTRAVENTION HOWEVER, THERE ARE ASPECTS OF THESE RULES THAT REFER TO THE OWNERSHIP OF IDEAS. ACCORDING TO THESE RULES OR CONVENTIONS, NEW IDEAS ARE TREATED LIKE PROPERTY THAT SOMEONE OWNS. ONE REASON FOR THIS ISTHAT THERE ARE REWARDS AND AWARDS (GRANTS, PRIZES, QUALIFICATIONS, DEGREES ETC) GIVEN TO PEOPLE FOR THE QUALITY OF THEIR IDEAS. side by side(p) FROM THE NOTION OF NEW IDEAS AS PROPERTY, WE CAN CONSIDER THE USE OF UNATTRIBUTED IDEAS FOR THE GAIN OF ANOTHER PERSON, AS A FORM OF THEFT. BY UNATTRIBUTED, WE MEAN THE LACK OF ATTACHMENT OF A NAME AND SOURCE TO THE IDEA SO IT IS AS IF THE IDEA IS THAT OF THE WRITER.OTHER WORDS FOR ATTRIBUTE ARE summon, ACKNOWLEDGE AND CITE. YOU USUALLY eccentric THE IDEA OF ANOTHER IN THE TEXT (WHERE YOU HAVE REFERRED TO THE IDEA, OR QUOTED FROM IT) AND IN A quality LIST AT THE END OF YOUR WORK.PLAGIARISM IS THE TERM FOR PASSING OFF ANOTHERS WORK AS ONES OWN FOR ONES OWN BENEFIT. IT USUALLY THAT OTHERS IDEAS HAVE BEEN BORROWED WITHOUT BEING qualityD TO THE ORIGINAL CREATOR OF THE IDEA. PLAGIARISM OCCURS WHETHER THE PASSING OFF OF THE WORK AS ONES OWN IS INTENTIONAL OR UNINTENTIONAL. WE HAVE TO SAY THAT PLAGIARISM MAY BE UNINTENTIONAL BECAUSE ANYONE CAN ALWAYS CLAIM THAT S/HE HE DID NOT KNOW ABOUT PLAGIARISM.4 CORRESPONDINGLY THEREFORE, TEACHERS AND INSTITUTIONS HAVE TO BE CLEAR THEMSELVES THAT THEY HAVE ENSURED THAT STUDENTS HAVE RECEIVED APPROPRIATE OPPORTUNITIES TOUNDERSTAND ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT AND TO HAVE LEARNT THE NECESSARY SKILLS TO BEHAVE WITH ACADEMIC HONESTY. BELOW ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PLAGIARISM EMMA WAS DOING A LAW DEGREE AND FOUND THAT HER FLAT-MATE HAD DONE THE uniform MODULE THE course of instruction before AND WAS WILLING TO LET EMMA LOOK AT HER ESSAYS BUT INSISTED THAT SHE SHOULD NOT COPY ANY OF IT.EMMA COPIED A LARGE egg OF ONE OF THEM BECAUSE SHE DID NOT UNDERSTAND THE SUBJECT AND ALTERED A FEW WORDS HERE AND THERE. UNFORTUNATELY FOR HER, SHE DID NOT NOTICE THE FONT WAS DIFFERENT ON THE COPIED CHUNK AND HER PLAGIARISM WAS DETECTED. ANNA HAD WORK TO DO IN CHEMISTRY THAT SHE DID NOT UNDERSTAND.IT WAS ABOUT THE NATURE OF A PARTICULAR REACTION. SHE LOOKED ON THE INTERNET AND FOUND A put in OF WRITING THAT WAS EXACTLY WHAT SHE NEEDED AND CUT AND PASTED IT, ADDING A FEW WORDS OF INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION.ANTONIO PHONED blank space TO HIS FRIEND FOR HELP WITH AN ASSIGNMENT IN civic ENGINEERING. HIS FRIEND FOUND A PIECE OF WRITING IN SPANISH. ANTONIO HAD IT TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL AND SUBMITTED THAT. BILLIE FOUND THAT AN OLD TEXTBOOK ON MODERN HISTORY AT HIS HOME THAT SAID EXACTLY WHAT HE NEEDED TO SAY IN AN ESSAY. HE COPIED IT. THE CHANGE IN STYLE WAS NOTICED BY HIS TUTOR, WHO CHALLENGED HIM.COLLUSION IS A FORM OF PLAGIARISM TOO. SOME EXAMPLES OF COLLUSION ARE JOANNE WAS STRUGGLING IN HER EDUCATION DEGREE. HER FRIEND WAS DOING A SIMILAR DEGREE AT ANOTHER UNIVERSITY. THEY DECIDED TO subscribe to THE SAME TOPIC FOR THEIR DISSERTATION AND TO WORK TOGETHER ON IT ASSUMING THAT THEY WOULD NOT BE FOUND OUT BECAUSE THEIR RESPECTIVE DISSERTATIONS WOULD NEVER BE SEEN TOGETHER.STUDENTS IN BUSINESS STUDIES WERE ASKED TO DEVELOP MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR A GIVEN PRODUCT. THEY WERE TOLD THAT THEY SHOULD WORK TOGETHER TO DO THE NECESSARY RESEARCH AND TO DEVELOP A PRESENTATION, BUT THAT THEY SHOULDTHEN WORK ALONE IN THE PREPARATION OF THE WRITTEN WORK THAT THEY WOULD HAND IN. KAY WAS IN ONE OF THE GROUPS. SHE HAD NOT DONE HER FAIR SHARE OF THE INITIAL RESEARCH, AND WHEN IT CAME TO THE WRITTEN WORK SHE ASKED ONE OF HER GROUP TO HELP HER. THE COLLEAGUE LEANT KAY HIS COMPLETED WRITTEN WORK, AND SHE COPIED IT, THEN WROTE HER ACCOUNT, VERY HEAVILY BASED ON HIS. SHE SHOWED HIM HER VERY SIMILAR ACCOUNT BEFORE SHE HANDED IT IN AND THANKED HIM BEFORE HE COULD OBJECT. BOTH OF THEM WE RE DEEMED TO HAVE COLLUDED.5 THE DEFINITION OF COLLUSION STARTS THE SAME AS FOR PLAGIARISM. COLLUSION IS THEPASSING OFF OF ANOTHERS WORK AS ONES OWN FOR ONES OWN BENEFIT AND IN ORDER TO DECEIVE ANOTHER.HOWEVER, IT GOES ON TO SAY THAT WHILE IN THE USUAL DEFINITION OF PLAGIARISM, THE OWNER OF THE WORK DOES NOT KNOWINGLY ALLOW THE USE OF HER WORK, IN A CASE OF COLLUSION, THE OWNER OF THE WORK KNOWS OF ITS USE AND WORKS WITH THE OTHER TOWARDS DECEPTION OF A THIRD PARTY. ON OCCASIONS, TWO PEOPLE top executive COLLUDE IN PLAGIARISING ANOTHER PIECE OF WORK. WHEN WE arrange COLLUSION, WE NEED TO BE CLEAR WHERE THE BOUNDARIES OF UNACCEPTABLE AND ACCEPTABLE CO-OPERATIVE OR COLLABORATIVE WORK ARE.CO-OPERATION IS SEEN AS OPENLY WORKING WITH ANOTHER OR OTHERS FOR MUTUAL BENEFIT WITH NO DECEPTION OF THE OTHER(S) INVOLVED. CO-OPERATIVE BEHAVIOUR IS A COMMON AND IS USUALLY WELCOMED PRACTICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION. RESEARCH TEAMS RELY ON IT. OFTEN YOU WILL BE TOLD THAT YOU SHOULD WORK TOGETHER TO THE POINT OF WRITING UP AN ASSIGNMENT, AND THEN WRITE IT UP SEPARATELY. HOWEVER, THERE MAY BE LOCAL RULES OR DESIGNATIONS OF ACCEPTABLE PRACTICE AND OCCASIONALLY VOCABULARY USE WITH REGARD TO COLLUSION, COOPERATION AND COLLABORATION MAY VARY.IT IS IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT FROM YOUR TUTORS JUST WHAT ISEXPECTED IN YOUR LOCAL CONTEXT. WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE MAY DIFFER FROM ASSIGNMENT TO ASSIGNMENT. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT ON OCCASIONS YOU WILL BE ASKED TO WORK JOINTLY ON A PIECE OF WRITING AND CLEARLY, THAT IS ALL RIGHT. RATHER THAN TALKING IN THE NEGATIVE ABOUT THE AVOIDANCE OF COLLUSION OR PLAGIARISM, IT IS USEFUL TO USE THE IDEA OF WORKING WITH ACADEMIC HONESTY. ACADEMIC HONESTY IS WHERE YOU UNDERSTAND ACADEMIC CONVENTIONS AND WORK WITHIN THEM. IN THIS INDEPENDENT STUDY UNIT, WE PUT THE STRESS ON PLAGIARISM. THIS IS BECAUSE PLAGIARISM TAKES MORE EFFORT IN UNDERSTANDING THAN OTHER FORMS OF ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT.THIS IS NOT BECAUSE PLAGIARISM IS NECESSARILY MORE SERIOUS. THE FABRICATION OF DATA OR MAKING UP OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CAN BE FAR MORE SERIOUS AND HAVE FAR GREATER CONSEQUENCES THAN PLAGIARISM. SO THAT YOU CAN RETURN TO THIS MATERIAL EASILY ON FUTURE OCCASIONS, WE GATHER UP THESE IDEAS AS A SERIES OF DEFINITIONS AND PUT THEM INTO A GLOSSARY IN APPENDIX 1 OF THIS UNIT.Exercise 1 Thinking that you know about plagiarization does not meanspirited that you can always decide what is right YOU HAVE NOW LOOKED AT THE EXPLANATIONS OF ACADEMIC HONESTY AND MISCONDUCT AND HAVE READ ABOUT THE JUSTIFICATION FOR CITATION.IT IS TIME TO TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING. YOU WILL FIND, IN THE NEXT EXERCISE, THAT THINKING THAT YOU KNOW WHAT PLAGIARISM IS MAY NOT MEAN THAT YOU ACTUALLY KNOW WHAT IT IS WHEN IT COMES TO THE DISTINCTIONS OF RIGHT AND WRONG IN YOUR WORK OR THE WORK OF ANOTHER. SOME 6 OF THE EXAMPLES ARE PLAGIARISM, SOME ARE COLLUSION, SOME ARE CHEATING AND SOME ARE ALL RIGHT. mobilise THAT PLAGIARISM OCCURS WHEN THE WORK OF SOMEONE ELSE IS PRESENTED AS ONES OWN AND IS NOT ATTRIBUT ED TO THE OTHER. ONE OF THE THREE ANSWERS GIVEN (A, B AND C) IS CLOSEST TO THE ANSWER. THE ANSWERS ARE AT THE END OF THE UNIT. 1.JOE HAS AN ESSAY TO PREPARE. HE METICULOUSLY READS BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY, BUT IS NOT SURE FROM WHICH TEXT THE IDEAS HAVE COME, AND WHICH IDEAS WERE HIS OWN. HE LISTS THE RANGE OF BOOKS HE THINKS HE utilize IN HIS advert LIST. a) non plagiarism but he should have cited the books in the text b) Plagiarism he should have cited the books in the text c) Not a problem he cited the books in the reference list 2.JAYNE DOES NOT KNOW HOW TO GET STARTED WITH AN ESSAY SHE IS IN HER FIRST SEMESTER. SHE DELAYS STARTING IT AND THEN PANICS AND HER FRIEND SHOWS HER HOW SHE CAN BUY AN ESSAY FROM A PAPER MILL WEBSITE.SHE BUYS ONE AND SUBMITS IT (ONLY THIS TIME SHE SAYS). a) This is not all right but it is cheating, not plagiarism b) Plagiarism and it is not all right c) Plagiarism but it is all right at this stage, but not later in the programme 3. terry AND FRAN LIVE IN THE SAME HOUSE. THEY ARE ON THE SAME COURSE AND HENCE HAVE TO PUT IN THE SAME ASSIGNMENTS.FRAN HAS DIFFICULTIES WITH WRITING BUT SHE rightfully WANTS TO DO WELL IN HER DEGREE. TERRY WOULD LIKE TO GET TO KNOW FRAN BETTER AND SEES THIS AS A WAY OF INCREASING THEIR FRIENDSHIP. HE SUGGESTS THAT SINCE THE CLASS IS LARGE, THEY COULD PUT IN THE SAME ESSAY AND NO-ONEWOULD NOTICE AND IN THIS WAY HE HELPS OUT FRAN, WHO IS VERY GRATEFUL. a) Fran colluded. Terry did not. b) Terry colluded and Fran did not c) They colluded.4. MIKE USES THE LIBRARY TO FIND THE RELEVANT LITERATURE TO THE ESSAY THAT HE HAS TO WRITE, THEN, USING ONE OF THE ESSAY SITES, BUYS A SIMILAR ESSAY AND INTEGRATES INTO IT THE MATERIAL THAT HE HAS READ. a) It is certain that Mike lift b) Mike did not plagiarise if he cited the sources and paraphrased appropriately c) Mike has plagiarise because he bought the essay 5. MALACHY FOUND THAT HER FRIEND, WHO HAD DONE THE MODULE LAST YEAR, HAD DONE THE SAME EXPERIMENT.HER FRIE ND SUGGESTED THAT MALACHY COULD READ THROUGH 7 WHAT SHE HAD WRITTEN BUT SHE WARNED HER NOT TO COPY IT AS THAT WOULD BE COLLUSION. WITHOUT HER FRIEND KNOWING, MALACHY DID COPY PART OF IT AND PRESENTED IT AS HER OWN. a) Malachy plagiarised her friends work b) Malachy and her friend colluded c) Malachy and her friend plagiarised 6. DAMION FINDS THAT AN ESSAY THAT HE HAS DONE IN SCHOOL IS VERY SIMILAR TO ONE HE HAS TO WRITE AT UNIVERSITY.HE USES HIS SCHOOL ESSAY BUT UNFORTUNATELY HE DOES NOT HAVE THE seedS PROPERLY RECORDED. HE HAS NAMES CITED IN THE TEXT, BUT NOT DETAILS OF THE SOURCES. HE MAKES UP ONE OR TWO AND THINKS THATHIS TUTOR WILL PROBABLY NOT WORRY ABOUT THE REST. a) Because it was school work from a different place, it was all right b) It was all right because it had already been marked c) Damion plagiarised 7. SUE IS A LECTURER.SHE GIVES A LECTURE TO FIRST YEAR STUDENTS ON CELL BIOLOGY AND TALKS A LOT ABOUT CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RESEARCH, BUT DOES NOT GIVE THE REFERENCE S TO THE RESEARCH IN THE LECTURE OR ON HANDOUTS. a) Technically Sue plagiarised b) It is all right. If this had been written work, Sue should have cited correctly but it was oral c) It is all right not to cite if your ar a teacher / lecturer in the process of teaching.8. TIM AND OONAGH ARE WORKING ON THE SAME ESSAY FOR THEOLOGY. OONAGH FINDS A GOOD WEBSITE THAT IS VERY HELPFUL. IT PROVIDES GOOD MATERIAL ON THE SUBJECT ON WHICH THEY ARE WRITING. SHE TELLS TIM ABOUT IT. THEY BOTH DOWNLOAD CHUNKS OF IT. OONAGH CUTS AND PASTES INTO HER ESSAY AND PUTS A REFERENCE TO THE SITE IN HER REFERENCE LIST. TIM PARAPHRASES FROM THE MATERIAL, ACKNOWLEDGES IT IN THE TEXT AND IN HIS REFERENCE LIST. THE TUTOR WOULD NOT HAVE NOTICED THE SIMILAR MATERIAL BUT FOR THE FACT THAT THE TWO ESSAYS WERE ADJACENT TO EACH OTHER IN THE PILE. a) Tim and Oonagh colluded b) Tim and Oonagh plagiarised.c) Only one of them plagiarised 9. IN STATISTICS, GEMMA HAS A PROJECT THAT INVOLVES USE OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO FIND O UT WHAT TELEVISION PROGRAMMES HER FRIENDS WATCH AT A PARTICULAR TIME IN THE EVENING. THIS WILL GENERATE DATA FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. SHE IS ILL FOR A FEW DAYS AND IS RUNNING LATE. SHE MAKES UP SOME OF THE RESPONSES AND USES THEM. a) Gemma plagiarised 8 b) Gemma cheated c) Gemma colluded 10. HARRY INTEGRATES INTO HIS ESSAY, A CHUNK OF HANDOUT MATERIAL FROM HIS LAST YEARS WORK. HE ALTERS SOME WORDS TO FIT BETTER AND SPLITS THE MATERIAL WITH TWO SECTIONS OF HIS OWN WRITING. a) Harry plagiarised.b) It is all right to quote from handout real(a) without citation c) It would have been all right if Harry had rewritten it more in his own words 11. JAMIE HAS AN ESSAY TO WRITE IN PHILOSOPHY. HE IS NOT VERY GOOD AT WRITING AND HAS DEVELOPED A STYLE WHEREBY HE COPIES DOWN APPROPRIATE QUOTATIONS (CITING THEM APPROPRIATELY) AND THEN PARAPHRASES THE CONTENT OF THE QUOTATION IN THE NEXT PARAGRAPH AS A KIND OF SUMMARY, STEERING THE MEANING TOWARDS ANOTHER QUOTATION AND SO ON. a) So long as Jamie p araphrases appropriately, he is not doing anything wrong b) Jamie is plagiarising c) Jamie should be using appropriate methods of referencing12. FOR SOPHIA, ENGLISH IS A SECOND LANGUAGE. SHE WANTS TO SUCCEED AND GOES TO A FRIEND WHO SPEAKS BETTER ENGLISH. HER FRIEND GOES THROUGH HER WHOLE ESSAY, CORRECTING THE LANGUAGE ALL THE WAY THROUGH. a) What Sophia is doing is understandable. It is all right b) What Sophia and her friend are doing is not all right. It is a form of collusion c) What Sophia is doing is not all right. It is cheating 13. BILLIE, ED AND JAKE LIVE ARE FOLLOWING THE SAME MODULE. THEY HAVE A PIECE OF WORK TO DO AND GET TOGETHER TO DISCUSS IT. THEY TALK ABOUT THE CONTENT AND DECIDE EACH TO FOLLOW UP TWO REFERENCES AND THEN TO MEET AGAIN TO TALK ABOUT.WHAT THEY HAVE FOUND. THIS REDUCES THE VOLUME OF READING THEY WILL HAVE TO DO. THEY MEET AGAIN, LISTEN TO EACH OTHERS DESCRIPTIONS AND WRITE NOTES AND THEN WRITE THE ESSAY SEPARATELY. THEY REFERENCE THE MATERIAL, WHETHER I T IS WHAT THEY HAVE READ OR WHAT THEY HAVE HEARD DESCRIBED. a) Billie, Ed and Jake are colluding b) They are not doing anything wrong if co-operative study is acceptable to the tutor c) Billie, Ed and Jake are deceiving their tutor and therefore cheating 14. LUI FINDS SOME INFORMATION AT A WEBSITE THAT SAYS EXACTLY WHAT HE WANTS TO SAY. IT IS SIX LINES OF TEXT WHICH HE PUTS INTO QUOTATION MARKS.HE CUTS AND PASTES IT BUT BY MISTAKE LEAVES THE ORIGINAL FONT. HE CITES IT IN THE TEXT AND PUTS THE WEBSITE take aim IN THE REFERENCE LIST WITH THE DATE OF ACCESS. HIS TUTOR CALLS HIM IN 9 a) Lui cheated b) He plagiarised c) What Lui did is all right. 15. CHARLIE KNOWS A REALLY GOOD WEBSITE THAT WILL HELP HIM A GREAT DEAL IN THE PROJECT WORK THAT HIS HAS BEEN SET. HE IS WORKING IN A TEAM, BUT THE WORK THAT THE TEAM DOES MUST BE WRITTEN UP SEPARATELY. INITIALLY HE MENTIONS THE WEBSITE, BUT GIVES NO ADDRESS AND THEN REALISES THAT HE WOULD PREFER TO USE IT AS A REFERENCE FOR HIS INDIVIDUAL WOR K.WHEN THE OTHERS ASK FOR DETAILS OF THE SITE, HE IS VAGUE AND THEN GIVES THE WRONG WEB ADDRESS TO THEM. a) Charlie is rightly not colluding with his team b) Charlie is not working co-operatively in his team c) Charlie is plagiarising and it is just as well he did not pass on the learning 16. AARON IS WRITING UP A REPORT. HE FINDS A TEXT BOOK THAT IS NOT THE ONE USED IN CLASS AND USES IT TO GET oft OF THE INFORMATION THAT HE REQUIRES. HE REFERS TO THE WORK OF JONDA (1998) THAT IS DESCRIBED AND REFERENCED IN THE TEXTBOOK. ARON CITES JONDA IN THE TEXT AND THEN REFERENCES IT TO THE TEXT BOOK IN HIS LIST OF REFERENCES.a) Aaron is behaving with academician honesty, his citations are fine b) Aaron is technically plariarising he should have cited the original source, not the textbook c) Aaron is colluding with the writer of the textbook 17. TOM FINDS A HELPFUL ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL. HE PHOTOCOPIES IT AND COPIES FROM IT INTO HIS ESSAY, ALTERNATING SENTENCES OF THE ARTICLE WITH HIS OWN W ORDS, AND NEVER COPYING MORE THAN A LINE WITHOUT ADDING HIS OWN WORDS OR ALTERING WORDS FROM THE TEXT. HE CITES THE ARTICLE IN HIS BIBLIOGRAPHY, BUT NOT IN THE TEXT BECAUSE HE DOES NOT FEEL THAT HE MAKES A SUFFICIENTLY SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO IT. a) gobbler is cheating.b) Tom is plagiarising c) Tom is writing a good essay. He has properly cited the reference in his bibliography 18. AMY OMITS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE MATERIAL THAT SHE HAS QUOTED. IT WAS A MISTAKE. a) Amy made a skid and because she is a first year that is all right b) Amy plagiarised. c) Amy did not plagiarise because not referencing was unintentional 10 Exercise 2 What reasons do students give for academic misconduct? THINK OF FIVE EXCUSES THAT STUDENTS MIGHT MAKE FOR PLAGIARISING, COLLUDING OR CHEATING. SOME EXCUSES ARE UNDERSTANDABLE BUT THEY ARE AGAINST THE ACADEMIC CONVENTIONS THAT WE MAINTAIN WITHIN AN ACADEMIC COMMUNITY.THERE IS A LIST OF POSSIBLE RESPONSES AT THE END OF THE UNIT THOUGH YOU MAY HAVE THOUGH OF OTHER S. The further information and skills that you need for academic honesty WE HAVE SAID THAT YOU NEED SOME INFORMATION, A SET OF SKILLS AND ASSOCIATED GOOD HABITS FOR YOUR ACADEMIC WORK. WE HAVE DESCRIBED ABOVE THE BASICS OF WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT, PLAGIARISM AND COLLUSION BUT BEFORE WE LOOK AT THE SKILLS AND GOOD HABITS, THERE IS MORE TO SAY ABOUT WHY WE REFERENCE MATERIAL (REMEMBER REFERENCING, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND CITATION MEAN THE SAME THING). Further reasons for referencing.WE SAID ABOVE THAT WHEN WE USE THE IDEA OF ANOTHER, WE REFERENCE IT AND INDICATE THE SOURCE OF IT. IN legal injury OF PLAGIARISM, THIS IS IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE THAT IT IS AN IDEA THAT WAS GENERATED BY ANOTHER PERSON AND TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT PERSON FOR THE IDEA. HOWEVER IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO REFERENCE AN IDEA IN ORDER TO SHOW ANOTHER PERSON HOW TO FIND THAT IDEA SHOULD S/HE WANT TO SEEK READ MORE OF IT. IN ACADEMIC WRITING, IN ORDER TO FURTHER YOUR OWN THINKING, IT IS USUAL TO FOLLO W UP REFERENCES THAT SOMEONE ELSE HAS GIVEN IN THEIR REFERENCE LIST. SEEKING AND FINDING INFORMATION BECOMES A KIND OF TRAIL.SO A SECOND REASON FOR REFERENCING IS TO ENABLE OTHERS TO FIND THE IDEAS FOR THEMSELVES IN ORDER TO SEEK MORE INFORMATION. THE THIRD REASON FOR REFERENCING IS SO THAT ANYONE READING YOUR WORK (SUCH AS A TUTOR) CAN SEE HOW YOUR THINKING HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. WHEN YOU DO ACADEMIC WRITING YOU WORK WITH YOUR OWN IDEAS AND THOSE OF OTHERS IN ORDER TO RESPOND TO THE TASK SET. IT IS NOT USUALLY JUST A MATTER OF WRITE AS MUCH AS YOU CAN ABOUT(SOMETHING) IN HIGHER EDUCATION, BUT THE QUESTION OR TASK WILL REQUIRE YOU TO MANIPULATE WHAT YOU KNOW TO EXPLAIN, TO COMPARE OR COMPARE AND CONTRAST AND SO ON.WHEN YOU USE THE IDEAS OF OTHERS, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR YOUR TUTOR TO BE ABLE TO SEE HOW MUCH YOU HAVE READ, WHAT YOU HAVE READ AND HOW YOU HAVE USED AND MANIPULATED THE IDEAS IN ORDER TO MEET THE TASK SET IN THE ASSIGNMENT.LOOKING AT A REFERENCE LIST FOR THIS PURPOSE IS A FOR M OF EVALUATION 11 YOU MAY THINK THAT SUCH EVALUATION ONLY HAPPENS WHEN YOU ARE A STUDENT. THIS IS NOT THE CASE. ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH WRITING IN JOURNALS AND BOOKS IS ALSO SUBJECTED TO EVALUATION THIS TIME BY PEERS. SUCH RESEARCH WRITING USUALLY DEVELOPS NEW KNOWLEDGE. ONE OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THIS NEW KNOWLEDGE CAN BE.JUDGED BY THOSE WHO MIGHT USE IT, IS BY LOOKING AT THE LIST OF REFERENCES TO SEE WHAT KIND OF IDEAS HAVE FORMED THE BASIS TO THE NEW KNOWLEDGE. SOMETIMES THIS BASIS IS IN THE FORM OF WHAT WE WOULD CALL EVIDENCE. MANY ACADEMICS WILL TURN TO THE REFERENCE LIST AS SOON AS THEY ARE GIVEN SOMETHING TO READ IN ORDER TO SEE WHAT WORK THIS IS BASED ON.What do you not have to reference? NOT ALL IDEAS ARE CONSIDERED TO BELONG TO OTHERS. MOST OF WHAT WE KNOW IS COMMON KNOWLEDGE. THIS IS KNOWLEDGE THAT IS IN EVERYDAY USE, OR IS IN THE COMMON DOMAIN OR IT IS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WHICH WE COULD SAY THAT MOST PEOPLE.AGREE. IT IS THE SORT OF KNOWLEDGE THAT IS FOUND IN REFERENCE BOOKS IN ENCYCLOPEDIAS OR DICTIONARIES. WE DO NOT NEED TO REFERENCE COMMON KNOWLEDGE, THOUGH USUALLY, IF YOU DO TAKE A DEFINITION FROM A DICTIONARY, YOU WILL CITE ITS SOURCE SO THAT OTHERS CAN FIND IT. WE DO NOT NEED TO REFERENCE IDEAS THAT ARE GENUINELY OUR OWN EITHER. IF THE IDEA IS ONE GENERATED BY YOU, BUT THAT YOU HAVE DESCRIBED IN YOUR OWN WORK ELSEWHERE, THEN IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO REFERENCE IT TO THE FIRST OCCASION ON WHICH IT HAS BEEN USED (IE TO YOUR OWN NAME). THIS MAY BE MAINLY SO THAT OTHERS CAN FIND IT FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES.THE RULES ABOUT CITATION OF LECTURE AND HANDOUT MATERIAL ARE MORE FUZZY TECHNICALLY YOU SHOULD SAY WHERE YOU HEARD ABOUT AN IDEA AS MUCH AS WHERE YOU READ ABOUT IT. HOWEVER, SOMETIMES THAT WOULD GET RIDICULOUS. IMAGINE HOW YOU WOULD MANAGE A QUESTION IN AN EXAM THAT ASKS YOU TO DESCRIBE SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN THE LECTURE.IT COULD BECOME VERY DIFFICULT. YOU NEED TO ASK YOUR LECTURERS AND TUTORS WHAT PRACTICE TO FOLLOW HERE. THEY MAY FEEL THAT YOU DO NOT NEED TO CITE LECTURES, BUT THAT YOU SHOULD CITE HANDOUT MATERIAL AND THEY MAY NOT ALL AGREE ON THE SAME RESPONSE.IN ALL OF THIS YOU MAY NOT ALWAYS BE SURE WHETHER OR NOT TO CITE. A RULE BY WHICH TO WORK IS IF IN DOUBT, CITE SO TO SUMMARISE THERE ARE AT LEAST THREE REASONS WHY WE REFERENCE MATERIAL -TO DEMONSTRATE THAT WE HAVE USED ANOTHERS IDEA -TO SHOW ANOTHER WHERE TO FIND THE SOURCE OF THE IDEAS USED -TO ALLOW ANOTHER TO appreciate THE QUALITY OF OUR REASONING.The skills that you need 12 IN TERMS OF SKILLS, YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO -DIFFERENTIATE MATERIAL THAT NEEDS CITATION FROM THAT THAT DOES NOT NEED CITATION -USE IN-TEXT REFERENCING -WRITE AN APPROPRIATE REFERENCE LIST AND UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE.BETWEEN THIS AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY -DEVELOP GOOD HABITS OF RECORD-KEEPING -WORK APPROPRIATELY WITH QUOTATIONS -MANAGE THE PRESENTATION OF OTHERS IDEAS IN WRITTEN WORK. (THE LIST IS MODIFIED FROM CARROLL, 2002)The ability to differentiate material that needs attribu tion from that that does not need attribution YOU NEED TO KNOW AND TO BE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN WHAT DOES AND DOES NOT REQUIRE CITATION THE FOLLOWING DO NOT NEED TO BE CITED -COMMON KNOWLEDGE WHICH WE HAVE DEFINED AS THAT IN EVERYDAY USE, IN THE COMMON DOMAIN -FACTS THAT ARE primarily AGREED, OR THAT ARE COMMON TO A VARIETY OF SOURCES-PERSONAL IDEAS, SUGGESTIONS ETC. THE FOLLOWING NEED TO BE CITED -DIRECT QUOTATIONS -REFERENCES TO OTHERS IDEAS EXPRESSED ORALLY OR ON PAPER OR WEB-BASED MATERIALS ETC -REFERENCES TO A REFERENCE ALREADY CITED BY ANOTHER IN A TEXT -PARAPHRASES, PRECIS AND SUMMARIES OF OTHERS QUOTATIONS OR IDEAS -OTHERS STATISTICS, FIGURES, CHARTS, TABLES, PICTURES GRAPHS ETC-REFERENCES TO MATERIAL WITHIN AN EDITED TEXT. CLEARLY IT REQUIRES JUDGEMENT TO DECIDE WHAT DOES AND DOES NOT NEED TO BE CITED AND IF IN DOUBT, CITE Use of in-text referencing THIS IS A MATTER OF UNDERSTANDING HOW TO CITE IN TEXT AND HOW TO CONSTRUCT AREFERENCE LIST. THERE ARE DIFFERENT CONVE NTIONS, AND SOMETIMES THERE ARE VARIABLE INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONVENTION fasten onED. SOME USE REFERENCE LISTS AT THE END OF THE TEXT, SOME WORK WITH FOOTNOTES OR ENDNOTES THAT ARE LINKED FROM THE TEXT BY NUMBER OR LETTER. 13 E. G. (1) OR (A).IN THESE CASES, THE DETAILS OF NAME, DATE AND SOURCE ARE EITHER AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE OR LISTED BY NUMBER OR LETTER SEQUENCE AT THE END OF THE ARTICLE OR BOOK. REFERENCES MAY BE MIXED WITH NOTES. HARVARD IS A VERY COMMON SYSTEM IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. E. G. IN THE HARVARD SYSTEM THE NAME AND DATE IS PUT IN THE TEXT (E. G.DIPPIDY, 1999) AND IN THE REFERENCE LIST AT THE END OF THE ARTICLE OR THE BOOK, THE REFERENCES ARE LISTED ALPHABETICALLY WITH THE FURTHER DETAILS OF SOURCE.DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES TEND TO ADOPT DIFFERENT CONVENTIONS, AND ACADEMIC JOURNALS AND PUBLISHERS OFTEN DIFFER IN THE CONVENTIONS ADOPTED, SO YOU WILL COME ACROSS DIFFERENT STYLES IN YOUR READING. USUALLY IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES, YOU WILL BE TOLD TO WORK TO A PARTICULAR CONVENTION BUT YOU MAY NEED TO LEARN TO BE MORE FLEXIBLE. IT IS NOT WORTH REBELLING IN THIS MATTER.THERE ARE USUALLY HANDOUTS OR BOOKLETS THAT PROVIDE ILLUSTRATION OF THIS. IF YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT SYSTEM OF REFERENCING TOUSE, ASK. MAKE SURE THAT WITHIN THE SYSTEM YOU USE, YOU KNOW HOW TO DEAL WITH THE FOLLOWING QUOTATIONS (SEE BELOW ALSO) DIRECT REFERENCES TO WRITTEN AND SPOKEN WORD REFERENCES CITED WITHIN ANOTHER TEXT TO WHICH YOU WANT TO REFER PARAPHRASES OR SUMMARIES OF OTHERS IDEAS THE CITATION OF STATISTICS AND FIGURATIVE MATERIAL REFERENCES WITHIN EDITED TEXTS, WEB-BASED MATERIALS, CD-ROMS. THERE MAY BE OTHER SOURCES THAT YOU WANT TO CITE. YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW ALL THIS BY HEART, BUT HAVE ACCESS TO A GOOD GUIDE TO REFERENCING AS YOU WORK AND MAKE SURE THAT IT USES THE APPROPRIATE STYLE.IF YOUR FEEL THAT YOUR GUIDE-BOOK ISNOT HELPFUL, LOOK AT STUDY SKILLS BOOKS OR LOOK ON THE WEB FOR THE SYSTEM YOU NEED. THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES OFTEN HAVE USEFUL MATERIAL The layout of a reference list and its distinction from a bibliography A REFERENCE LIST IS A LIST OF THE REFERENCES TO WHICH YOU HAVE REFERRED IN YOUR TEXT.A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS A REFERENCE LIST TO WHICH IS ADDED ANY EXTRA MATERIAL THAT MIGHT PROVIDE GENERAL OR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC. IN ACADEMIC WORK, MOSTLY IT WILL BE REFERENCE LISTS WITH WHICH YOU WORK.